. Cytology. Cytology. Polarization microscopy has also been used to investigate the struc- ture of nerve fibers. In this case, the myelin sheath shows marked bire- frigence which is negative with respect to the nerve fiber axis. The axon, on the other hand, displays only a weak positive birefrigence relative to the fiber axis. Birefrigence studies have shown that a characteristic feature of striated muscle fibers is their lonRitudinal differentiation into a ^ d < o ^ o e Ck (^ a a ct. ^v A B Figure 11-26. Schematic Representation of Composite Structures Made Up of Either Oriented Rods (A),
. Cytology. Cytology. Polarization microscopy has also been used to investigate the struc- ture of nerve fibers. In this case, the myelin sheath shows marked bire- frigence which is negative with respect to the nerve fiber axis. The axon, on the other hand, displays only a weak positive birefrigence relative to the fiber axis. Birefrigence studies have shown that a characteristic feature of striated muscle fibers is their lonRitudinal differentiation into a ^ d < o ^ o e Ck (^ a a ct. ^v A B Figure 11-26. Schematic Representation of Composite Structures Made Up of Either Oriented Rods (A), or Flat Discs Stacked One Upon Another (B), Which are Most Likely to Exhibit Form Birefrigence. (From Oster, G., 1955. "Birefrigence and Dichroism," //; Oster, G. and Pollister, A. W. (Eds.), "Physical Techniques in Biological Research," 1, Academic Press, New York, N. Y., Fig. 2, p. 446.) anisotropic and isotropic regions, and that the birefrigence of the aniso- tropic region is positive with respect to the direction of the muscle fiber. The specific birefrigence of chloroplasts has been demonstrated to be limited to the grana, suggesting that these structures are composed of parallel lamellae or discs. Later studies of chloroplast structure, using the electron microscope, have confirmed the lamellated structure of grana. 248 / CHAPTER 11. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Wilson, G. B. (George Bernard), 1914-; Morrison, John H. (John Herbert), 1927-. New York, Reinhold
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