. Guidebook for the identification of woods used for ties and timbers . y not very distinctwithout a lens. Pores crowded. Wood moderately heavy. RED GUM. p. 55.(cc) Heartwood brownish gray. Rays not distinct without a lens. Woodmoderately heavy.(a3) Pores very small, only occasionally in radial rows of from 3 to C. BLACK GUM, p. 56.(b3) Pores slightly larger, often in radial rows of from 3 to 6. (Thesedistinctions between black gum and cotton gum can be appliedonly by comparison with a piece of wood known to be one spe-cies or the other COTTON GUM (Tupelo), p. 57, (dd) Heartwood yellowish brow
. Guidebook for the identification of woods used for ties and timbers . y not very distinctwithout a lens. Pores crowded. Wood moderately heavy. RED GUM. p. 55.(cc) Heartwood brownish gray. Rays not distinct without a lens. Woodmoderately heavy.(a3) Pores very small, only occasionally in radial rows of from 3 to C. BLACK GUM, p. 56.(b3) Pores slightly larger, often in radial rows of from 3 to 6. (Thesedistinctions between black gum and cotton gum can be appliedonly by comparison with a piece of wood known to be one spe-cies or the other COTTON GUM (Tupelo), p. 57, (dd) Heartwood yellowish brown with greenish tinge. Rays distinct with-out a lens. Wood moderately YELLOW POPLAR, p. 57.(ee) Heartwood creamy brown. Rays distinct without a lens; not in tiers. Wood light BASSWOOD. p. 5s. (tl) Heartwood creamy white. Pores very minute. Rays very linebarely distinct with a lens; arranged in tiers, producing very finebands running across the tangential surface. Wood light. YELLOW BUCKEYE, p. BUCKEYE, p. °—17 3 34 IDENTIFICATION OF WOODS,. — -1 PQ — ■ CC t-» X IDENTIFICATION OF WOODS. 35 CONIFERS. II. Wood without pores. The cells (tracheids) very small, barely visible with a lens; practically uniformin size, except in the summerwood, where they are narrower radially; and arranged in definite radialrows. Rays very fine. A. Resin ducts present but often not distinct without a lens. (Exudations of resin over the endsurface is a positive indication oi the presence of resin ducts.) 1. Resin ducts numerous; scattered singly; conspicuous under a lens and usually visible with-out a lens as minute openings, or more often as darker or lighter colored specks, or as brown-ish lines on longitudinal surfaces . The PINES, p. 59. AA. Summerwood inconspicuous and not perceptibly harder than the spring wood. The SOFT PINES: (a) Wood soft and moderately light: straight-grained. Annual rings of moderate width. Ileartwood light reddish brown. WESTERN WHITE PINE,
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