Mexico, its ancient and modern civilisation, history and political conditions, topography and natural resources, industries and general development; . ontrol of the waters of the valley have formedmatters of thought for Mexicos successive Governmentsfor more than four centuries. Work to this end wasbegun under Montezuma in 1449, nearly three-quartersof a century before the Conquest. During the colonialregime further works were undertaken, in 1553, to replacethose destroyed by Cortes, followed by other works in1604 and 1708. But only after the Republican regimewas established was the work carri
Mexico, its ancient and modern civilisation, history and political conditions, topography and natural resources, industries and general development; . ontrol of the waters of the valley have formedmatters of thought for Mexicos successive Governmentsfor more than four centuries. Work to this end wasbegun under Montezuma in 1449, nearly three-quartersof a century before the Conquest. During the colonialregime further works were undertaken, in 1553, to replacethose destroyed by Cortes, followed by other works in1604 and 1708. But only after the Republican regimewas established was the work carried to completion,upon a plan brought forward by a Mexican works, which were mainly carried out duringthe closing years of last century by English firmsof engineers and contractors,^ consist of a canal andtunnel. The canal is thirty miles long, flowing fromthe city and bearing its sewage and storm-waters, andtakincf the overflow from Lake Texcoco : and dis-charging thence into a tunnel, perforating the rim of thevalley, about six and a half miles long. This in turnI S. Pearson & Sons, Ltd., London, and Read, Campbell & CITIES AND INSTITUTIONS 189 empties into a discharge conduit and a ravine, and thewaters, after having served for purposes of irrigationand for actuating a hydro-electric station, fall into anaffluent of the Panuco river and so into the Gulf ofMexico. This work, which is the climax of the attemptsof four hundred years or more, reflects much credit uponits constructors and the Government of Diaz, whichfinanced it at a total cost of sixteen million Mexicalidollars. An Aztec hydraulic work of the Valley of Mexicois the Viga Canal, which leads from the Indian quarterof the city, crossing swamps, plantations, and wastelands to Xochimilco, the Field of Flowers. Along thiscanal ply daily primitive canoes and punts laden withvegetables, flowers, and other produce for the nativemarket. The floating gardens, or chinampas, far-famedof Mexico, are encounte
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