. British plants; their biology and ecology. Botany; Botany; Plant ecology. 266 BRITISH PLAMS The undergrowth present depends upon : 1. The amount of light coming from above. Some trees intercept much light and cast a deep shade— , beech and sycamore—-and under these the vegetation is scanty or absent; others allow a considerable amount of light to penetrate through their loose crowns—, oak, ash, birch—-and this supports a rich and varied flora, both bushes and herbs. This is well seen in the accom- panying maps (Figs. Ill, 112), taken from Woodhead's paper on The Ecology of Woodland P
. British plants; their biology and ecology. Botany; Botany; Plant ecology. 266 BRITISH PLAMS The undergrowth present depends upon : 1. The amount of light coming from above. Some trees intercept much light and cast a deep shade— , beech and sycamore—-and under these the vegetation is scanty or absent; others allow a considerable amount of light to penetrate through their loose crowns—, oak, ash, birch—-and this supports a rich and varied flora, both bushes and herbs. This is well seen in the accom- panying maps (Figs. Ill, 112), taken from Woodhead's paper on The Ecology of Woodland Plants, which show clearly that the distribution of the bracken is determined solely by the amount of light present, the soil varying in different parts of the wood from a stiff clay to a light FiQ. 111.—Map of a Wood, showino Distribution of Trees. (After WOODHEAD.) II ''^^^^!'' = oak dominant. 00 Fagu^ syhutica. i~ Cj Vlmus montana. AA Acer Pseudoplatantis. 4 A conifera. 2. The nature of the soil, the presence of mild or sour humus, and the amount of water present. The soil-factor usually determines the kind of plant which is found, and the light-factor decides its abundance. The herbaceous or ground-vegetation in woods consists chiefly of shade-plants, their stems being tall or elongated, and their leaves often large. They are nearly all peren- nials, hibernating by rhizomes, tubers, or bulbs ; annuals are rare. In the humus of moist, shady woods a few colourless saprophytes grow {Neottia, Monotropa), but epi-. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Bevis, James Frederick; Jeffery, Henry John. London, Methuen
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