. The historians' history of the world; a comprehensive narrative of the rise and development of nations as recorded by over two thousand of the great writers of all ages: . sed to tne reis effendi, or secretaryof state. After these dignitaries came the chiefs of thearmy—the agha of the janissaries, who at the same time was prefect ofpolice in Constantinople, and the aghas of the spahis and other cavalrycorps. The exterior aghas were the topji-bashi, general of artillerj^; thechamberlains, equerries, etc. The interior aghas were the grand officersof the palace, the kapu aglm (chief of the whit
. The historians' history of the world; a comprehensive narrative of the rise and development of nations as recorded by over two thousand of the great writers of all ages: . sed to tne reis effendi, or secretaryof state. After these dignitaries came the chiefs of thearmy—the agha of the janissaries, who at the same time was prefect ofpolice in Constantinople, and the aghas of the spahis and other cavalrycorps. The exterior aghas were the topji-bashi, general of artillerj^; thechamberlains, equerries, etc. The interior aghas were the grand officersof the palace, the kapu aglm (chief of the white eunuchs), the kidar agha(chief of the black eunuchs), the bostanji-hashi (head gardener), the tchaxish-bashi (chief of state messengers), etc. Beys—pa^shas having as their standardthe tail of a horse—governed the provinces; beyler beys—pashas having astheir standard the tails of two horses—levied the taxes, and performed dutiesof similar nature. Opposite the names Muhammed entered an estimate of the wealth of theirdomains in order proportionately to regulate their rents. The customs, mines,fines, and tributes composed the remainder of the fiscal A Reis Effendi 334 THE HISTORY OF THE TURKISH EMPIRE [1480-14S1 ] The most important part of tho legislation of the conqueror was the organ-isation of the religious and judicial corps, kaovrn by the name of the chain of ulemas. The so-called priests, says Von Hanmicr-Purgstall,/ that is to say, the officiators in the mosques, theprayer-criers, the imams, and thepreachers, have perhaps less influencein the Ottoman Empire than in anyother state; the teaching corps, on thecontrary, has an authority and impor-tance which are miexampled anywhereelse except in China. The ulemas arenot a sacerdotal class; they are alearned and literary body. From them 3>^*^i(^^W exclusively are recruited the primar} _-s ^.^.v -Wl: I-TH^^ ^^^^ functionaries, the magistrates, doctors, and professors. The chain of the ulemas inclu
Size: 1014px × 2464px
Photo credit: © Reading Room 2020 / Alamy / Afripics
License: Licensed
Model Released: No
Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookdecade1900, bookpub, booksubjectworldhistory
