. Bulletin of the Natural Histort Museum. Geology series. 36 JONES AND SIMMONS Chokrakian to Karaganian Reservoirs in Indol Kuban and Terek Caspian Foredeeps and Eastern Azerbaidzhan. \Karagan ^^ > ^^ > / r Fig. 9 Palaeogeographic reconstruction, Chokrakian to Karaganian (Middle Miocene). Key as for Fig. 7. The location of the Karaganian strato- type is indicated. Chenopodiaceae probably indicates the local development of salt-marshes. Karaganian (Fig. 9) The Karaganian takes its name from a locality on the Mangyshlak Peninsula in Kazakhstan (Likharev, 1958). It is Middle Mioce
. Bulletin of the Natural Histort Museum. Geology series. 36 JONES AND SIMMONS Chokrakian to Karaganian Reservoirs in Indol Kuban and Terek Caspian Foredeeps and Eastern Azerbaidzhan. \Karagan ^^ > ^^ > / r Fig. 9 Palaeogeographic reconstruction, Chokrakian to Karaganian (Middle Miocene). Key as for Fig. 7. The location of the Karaganian strato- type is indicated. Chenopodiaceae probably indicates the local development of salt-marshes. Karaganian (Fig. 9) The Karaganian takes its name from a locality on the Mangyshlak Peninsula in Kazakhstan (Likharev, 1958). It is Middle Miocene on regional evidence (see above). Direct biostratigraphic evidence is lacking. The Spaniodcmtella Beds of Northern Iran appear correlative (Stocklin & Setudehnia, 1971, 1972). Micropalaeontology. Only non-age-diagnostic, quasi-marine, smaller benthonic foraminifera were recorded by Mamedova (1971) and Azizbekov (1972) from the Karaganian of Azerbaijan. These include Nonion hogdcmowiczi. The fish otoliths Rhombus coriiis and R. coriiis hmagadinica are regarded as index-species for the Karaganian in Azerbaijan ( Ateava, pers. comm., 1994). Pulynology. Only non-age-diagnostic palynomorphs were recorded by Dzhabarova (1973) from the Karaganian of the Middle Kura Depression. Pollen spectra are characterised by relatively high incidences of tree taxa, which indicates a forested hinterland. The predominance of Betula (birch) indicates a climatic regime similar to that of the present-day taiga or forest-tundra. Konkian (Fig, 10) The Konkian takes its name from a river in the Ukraine (a tributary of the Dniepr) (Likharev, 1958). It is of Middle Miocene age on regional evidence (see above). Direct biostratigraphic evidence is lacking. The Pholas Beds of Northern Iran appear correlative (Stocklin & Setudehnia, 1971, 1972). Micropalaeontology. Only non-age-diagnostic, quasi-marine, smaller benthonic foraminifera were recorded by Bogdanowicz (1965) from the Konkian of the wes
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