. Bulletin of the Natural History Museum Zoology. Fig. 14 Epaxial musculature of blennioids: a, Tripterygiidae, Enneanectes pectoralis (MPM 22463, mm SL), insertions to ninth pterygiophore; b, Chaenopsidae, Acanthemblemaria greenfieldi (MPM 24876, mm SL), insertions to 13th pterygiophore; c, Blenniidae, Entomacrodus nigricans (MPM 18256, mm SL), insertions to 11th pterygiophore; d, Labrisomidae, Labrisomus bucciferus (MPM 31163, mm SL), insertions to 13th pterygiophores. F, fan-shaped anterior slip of epaxial to skull; other abbreviations and methods of presentation as in F
. Bulletin of the Natural History Museum Zoology. Fig. 14 Epaxial musculature of blennioids: a, Tripterygiidae, Enneanectes pectoralis (MPM 22463, mm SL), insertions to ninth pterygiophore; b, Chaenopsidae, Acanthemblemaria greenfieldi (MPM 24876, mm SL), insertions to 13th pterygiophore; c, Blenniidae, Entomacrodus nigricans (MPM 18256, mm SL), insertions to 11th pterygiophore; d, Labrisomidae, Labrisomus bucciferus (MPM 31163, mm SL), insertions to 13th pterygiophores. F, fan-shaped anterior slip of epaxial to skull; other abbreviations and methods of presentation as in Figs 1, 3. Scale bars = 1 mm (a,b), 5 mm (c,d). Ion has an almost completely separate series of muscle fibres that insert on to the third to ninth pterygiophores (Fig. 5). Type 1 appears to be the primitive condition for the cirrhi- toids (Fig. 17), with a secondary change to an epaxial/ pterygiophore association resembling more closely a Type 2 morphology among some cirrhitids, which could be indicative of close relationship (Table 1). Among sciaenids both epaxial muscle Types 0 and 2 occur, although their distributions are difficult to interpret with our current understanding of sci- aenid relationships (Table 1; Sasaki, 1989). Within scor- paenoids there is variation in epaxial morphology among the higher taxa. More extensive surveys within these and other groups with epaxial/pterygiophore insertions could help to elucidate some of their intrarelationships. Basal taxa (Embiotocidae, Pomacentridae, and Cichlidae) of the suborder Labroidei (Kaufman & Liem, 1982; Stiassny & Jensen, 1987) exhibits Type 0 morphology, whereas some labrid taxa exhibit Type 2 (Table 1). It is most parsimonious to interpret Type 2 epaxial muscle as independently derived within labrids. This interpretation places Bodianus, Choero- don, and Tautoga as basal genera among the Labridae, and might be helpful for determining the polarization of other characters for phylogeny reconstruction in this co
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