. The Eastern Bering Sea Shelf : oceanography and resources / edited by Donald W. Hood and John A. Calder. Oceanography Bering 86 Physical oceanography FEB 24-25. 1978 FEB 26-MAR I, 1978 63*40 50 I I. SIGMA-1 168° 167° 166° 165° 164° 163° 162 °W I ""^^^^^ii^ 1 ... NOME I c%.. .# 30' — i«f'-- .ii^ ^ \/f :/ " 30' 64* N - ,r ii • • 13 14 2« 3« 4» H • ,•5 16 '^ 6 7» •|8 19 C/CAPE - DARBY STUARL 64° N 30' - ^^^-1^ ^%^ €aL 30' 63° 1 1 1 .*^L '^I'P "r VTT' ^ '"1 cx« 168* 167° 166° 165* 164° 163° I62°W Figure 6-10. Vertical distribution of salinity and density (at) along
. The Eastern Bering Sea Shelf : oceanography and resources / edited by Donald W. Hood and John A. Calder. Oceanography Bering 86 Physical oceanography FEB 24-25. 1978 FEB 26-MAR I, 1978 63*40 50 I I. SIGMA-1 168° 167° 166° 165° 164° 163° 162 °W I ""^^^^^ii^ 1 ... NOME I c%.. .# 30' — i«f'-- .ii^ ^ \/f :/ " 30' 64* N - ,r ii • • 13 14 2« 3« 4» H • ,•5 16 '^ 6 7» •|8 19 C/CAPE - DARBY STUARL 64° N 30' - ^^^-1^ ^%^ €aL 30' 63° 1 1 1 .*^L '^I'P "r VTT' ^ '"1 cx« 168* 167° 166° 165* 164° 163° I62°W Figure 6-10. Vertical distribution of salinity and density (at) along two sections during winter 1978. cm/sec. The summer 1977 near-surface record from NC-20 in the central western sound indicated north-northwesterly flow at 10-15 cm/sec. Overwinter records were obtained from moorings NC-14 and NC-15 in the western sound. These were both near bottom and bracketed the period from late summer to mid or late winter 1977. They indicate a mean current which was northerly in the central sound and northwesterly along the northern shore, with speeds of about 5 cm/sec. All of the moored current records revealed non- tidal speed fluctuations which were large relative to mean flow speeds and had time scales of several days (Fig. 6-12), including occasional flow reversals. DISCUSSION Winter hydrographic observations made through the ice have established that Norton Sound becomes vertically well mixed during winter. This is common in high-latitude regions, as a consequence of vertical thermohaline convection due to surface cooling and ice formation. Observations during three summers reveal that well-mixed structure gives way to a regime which is strongly two-layered in temperature and salinity and hence also in density. Such a layered structure is generally typical of shallow oceanic regimes subject to tidal and wind mixing and buoyan- cy input. The upper layer is a consequence of the combined effects of wind mixing, freshwa
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