. The actinomycetes. Actinomycetales. 60 NATURE, FORMATION, AND ACTIVITIES amino sugars and amino acids. Typical products of the hydrolysis of a strepto- thricin-type compound include (1) a di- aminocaproic acid (L-|8-lysine), (2) an imidazole derivative, streptolidine, and (3) the amino sugar a-D-gulosamine. The streptothricins are active not only against bacteria but also against fungi. The most important streptothricin-type anti- biotics are lavendulin, actinorubin, antibiotic 136, roseothricin, geomycin, pleocidin, and miicothricin. The antimycobacterial anti- biotic viomijcin also yields
. The actinomycetes. Actinomycetales. 60 NATURE, FORMATION, AND ACTIVITIES amino sugars and amino acids. Typical products of the hydrolysis of a strepto- thricin-type compound include (1) a di- aminocaproic acid (L-|8-lysine), (2) an imidazole derivative, streptolidine, and (3) the amino sugar a-D-gulosamine. The streptothricins are active not only against bacteria but also against fungi. The most important streptothricin-type anti- biotics are lavendulin, actinorubin, antibiotic 136, roseothricin, geomycin, pleocidin, and miicothricin. The antimycobacterial anti- biotic viomijcin also yields |3-lysine upon hydrolysis. Miscellaneous Pigmented Antibiotics which Act as pH Indicators A number of antibiotics are colored sub- stances which act as pH indicators, the color changing with the pH of their solution. The structure of one of these substances, actinorhodin, is partially known. It has a dinaphthazarin nucleus. The structure of naphthazarin is: OH O. OH O Two such units are thus hooked together and are variously substituted. Another pH indicator, granaticin, is a tricyclic tetrahydroxyciuinonedicarboxylic acid (C22H20O10). Litmocidin, also a pH indicator, is be- lieved to be related to the anthocyanin pig- ments. As such, it is believed to have a molecular nucleus of the following type:. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Waksman, Selman A. (Selman Abraham), 1888-1973. Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins
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