Contributions in geographical exploration . rst summer, which was unusually severefor that region and were in good condition when we left thefield in September. But they were not yet sufficiently abundantto be of any ecological consequence and it remained to be seenwhether they could survive the winter. SOME SEEDLINGS SURVIVED THE WINTER. The winter of 1915-10 was extremely long and ice did not break up in the ponds until after the first ofMay. The minimum temperature was not very low, only+8° F., but the vegetation sufiered severely. Many spruces. 50 The Ohio Journal of Science [Vo
Contributions in geographical exploration . rst summer, which was unusually severefor that region and were in good condition when we left thefield in September. But they were not yet sufficiently abundantto be of any ecological consequence and it remained to be seenwhether they could survive the winter. SOME SEEDLINGS SURVIVED THE WINTER. The winter of 1915-10 was extremely long and ice did not break up in the ponds until after the first ofMay. The minimum temperature was not very low, only+8° F., but the vegetation sufiered severely. Many spruces. 50 The Ohio Journal of Science [Vol. XIX, No. 1, especially small ones, succumbed, and the c^nes oi RubussLtabiils were so severely winter-killed as to seriously dimmishihe crop of berries the following year. Under conditions soexceptionally severe, a high mortality was to be expectedamong the seedUngs which, being dependent tor their nutritionexclusively on roots distributed through the sterile ash, were notas well nourished and in as good condition to resist unfavorable. Photograph by D. B. Church GRASS SEEDLINGS IN THE up iinder the shelter of old clumps of the same species, Calaniagrostislangsdorfii. (Vegetation Station 44.) influences as though they had grown in normal soil. It wasfound on examining them the next spring that, as w^as expected,the mortality had been very high. Nearly all of the specialseedlings that had been marked for observation had , notwithstanding the high death rate, large numbers hadsurvived, and the renewal of growth showed that they wt>uldbe better fortified against the next winter. Nov., 1918] Recovery of Vegetation at Kodiak 51 Seedlings were similarly starting in sheltered places beyondthe forest. Beside many a strong clump of grass, for example,the ash surface was fairly covered with small seedlings, pre-sumably of the same species. (See page 50.) In many placesbeneath the omnipresent Equisetum such seedlings, especiallythose of Deschampsia caespitosa
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