Advanced Geography . rising over them,the air expands, cools and gives downfrom 400 to 600 inches of rain eachyear upon the town. The snows of the Himalayas areincreased by winter storms which drifteastward, like those of the westerlywinds elsewhere. The northernplains of India often receive lightrains in the same season. This factseems to show that in winter,the belt of westerly windsreaches far enough south to in-fluence the climate of northernIndia, both in the mountainsand in the plains.~*~ To avoid the extreme heat of the plains, many Trained Elephants, India. Europeans living in northern
Advanced Geography . rising over them,the air expands, cools and gives downfrom 400 to 600 inches of rain eachyear upon the town. The snows of the Himalayas areincreased by winter storms which drifteastward, like those of the westerlywinds elsewhere. The northernplains of India often receive lightrains in the same season. This factseems to show that in winter,the belt of westerly windsreaches far enough south to in-fluence the climate of northernIndia, both in the mountainsand in the plains.~*~ To avoid the extreme heat of the plains, many Trained Elephants, India. Europeans living in northern India spend the hot season on the hills, or low ranges along the southern border ofthe Himalayas. Below the snow line, forests cover the southern slopes of theHimalayas. Near the foot of the range, trees, vines, bushes andgrasses form dense jungles in which tigers, elephants, rhinocerosesand other huge beasts are found. One of the pictures on page 68shows some of the tree ferns of that region. See pictures, p. INDIA. 71 Above the wet jungles is a belt of hard-wood trees, — oak andwalnut. Still higher, the mountain slope is covered with rhododen-dron shrubs with their acres and acres of large showy these and the snow line stands the belt of soft-wood orcone-bearing trees. Most of the rivers of the plain ofIndia are included in three systems, —the Indus on the west, the Brahmaputraon the east, and the Ganges in themiddle part. These three river basins are in thewarm belt and also in the path ofthe moist southwest monsoons. Theclimate is therefore hot or warm mostof the year. The heavy rains fallwhile the summer monsoon lasts. Thedry season occurs when the winds blowfrom the land to the sea. See mapson pages 22 and 23. All along the foot of the Himalayas, asof other high ranges, cool evening breezes flow from the mountain valleys and enter the warmer lowland. Thesewinds last far into the night and greatly lessen the sultry heat. The upper portion of th
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