. All the Russias: travels and studies in contemporary European Russia, Finland, Siberia, the Caucasus, and Central Asia. he East, in the shape of roads and railways. Already a railwayruns from Tiflis to Kars, and several other schemes are on footfor further facilities of transport in the same direction. A railwayis already begun, and will be finished in three or four years, fromKarakles, below Alexandropol, down the valley of the Arpa-chaito the valley of the Aras (Araxes), then by the side of the Arasto Erivan, and on to Nakhitchevan and Julfa on the Russo-Per-sian frontier. Another railway


. All the Russias: travels and studies in contemporary European Russia, Finland, Siberia, the Caucasus, and Central Asia. he East, in the shape of roads and railways. Already a railwayruns from Tiflis to Kars, and several other schemes are on footfor further facilities of transport in the same direction. A railwayis already begun, and will be finished in three or four years, fromKarakles, below Alexandropol, down the valley of the Arpa-chaito the valley of the Aras (Araxes), then by the side of the Arasto Erivan, and on to Nakhitchevan and Julfa on the Russo-Per-sian frontier. Another railway is under survey and considera-tion from Baku to Astara and Tabriz, with an alternative schemefrom Yevlach, on the present line, through Jebrail to Tabriz. Animportant military road, about which not much is heard, runsfrom Batum to Artvin, thence to Ardanautch, thence to Ardahan,thence to Kars. It is metalled from Batum to Artvin, and isbeing widened from Artvin to Ardanautch. It has been metalledand in use for some time from Ardahan to Kars. Plans andperformances like these, at a time when money is scarce in Russia^. (/I 10 o 8 U ac 218 ALL THE RUSSIAS mean only one thing. And I believe, though much secrecy isobserved upon the matter, that the railway which Russia hopesto lay through Persia to the sea, the route of which has alreadybeen roughly surveyed, is intended to start on the frontier atJulfa, and run, via Ahar, to Tabriz, Teheran, Isfahan, and Yezd,and past Bunder Abbas to the Indian Ocean. But this railwayraises an international question of extreme delicacy, to which Ireturn later.* Such is the Caucasus, in its various aspects—a rapid glanceat a great subject. I hope I have gone a little way, at any rate,toward justifying my remark at the outset that it is perhaps onthe whole the most interesting land of the world. It has been,as I said, unaccountably neglected, but I feel sure in advance ofthe thanks of any, whether travellers in search of new scenes orcapitalists on


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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookdecade1900, booksubjecttolstoy, bookyear1902