. Elements of modern chemistry . equently 2volumes of hydrochloric gas contain 1 volume of chlorine and1 volume of hydrogen; and if the weight of one volume ofhydrogen (unity) be added to that of one volume of chlorine(its density compared to hydrogen as unity), the sum will bethe weight of two volumes of hydrochloric acid, and will alsorepresent the weight of the molecule. Densities com- Densities com-pared to H. pared to AirWeight of 1 volume of hydrogen .... 1 of 1 volume of chlorine .... of 2 volumes of hydrochloric acid 2. Two volumes of hydrochlor
. Elements of modern chemistry . equently 2volumes of hydrochloric gas contain 1 volume of chlorine and1 volume of hydrogen; and if the weight of one volume ofhydrogen (unity) be added to that of one volume of chlorine(its density compared to hydrogen as unity), the sum will bethe weight of two volumes of hydrochloric acid, and will alsorepresent the weight of the molecule. Densities com- Densities com-pared to H. pared to AirWeight of 1 volume of hydrogen .... 1 of 1 volume of chlorine .... of 2 volumes of hydrochloric acid 2. Two volumes of hydrochloric acid gas are passed into abent tube over mercury (Fig. 44), and a small piece of sodium is passed up into the bulb andheated by the flame of a spirit-lamp. The sodium combineswith the chlorine setting thehydrogen at liberty, and afterthe experiment one volume ofhydrogen remains in the second experiment con-firms the first, both provingthat hydrogen and chlorineunite in equal volumes, andwithout condensation, to form. Fig. 44. HYDROCHLORIC ACID. 119 hydrochloric acid. One volume of hydrochloric acid containshalf a volume of hydrogen and half a volume of chlorine, butwe cannot admit that the atoms of these elements are dividedinto two in the formation of hydrochloric acid; such a sup-position would be contrary to all ideas of atoms, which repre-sent the smallest particles of an element that can exist in acompound. It is more natural to conclude that two vol-umes of chlorine and two volumes of hydrogen react togetherin the formation of hydrochloric acid. Two volumes ofchlorine contain two atoms, constituting one molecule of chlo-rine. In the same manner two volumes of hydrogen containtwo atoms, constituting one molecule of hydrogen. CI CI H H 2 volumes or 1 molecule ofchlorine = ClCl. 2 volumes or 1 molecule ofhydrogen = HH. It is these molecules which are separated into two whenchlorine combines with hydrogen: they exchange their atoms,and from the exchange, which is
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