Machines: a gas-fired glass-furnace, long and short sections, plan and details. The open hearth furnace was first developed by German-born engineer Carl Wilhelm Siemens. In 1865, the French engineer Pierre-Émile Martin took out a license from Siemens and first applied his regenerative furnace for making steel. Their process was known as the Siemens-Martin process, and the furnace as an open-hearth furnace.

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Charles Siemens Regenerative Furnaces, 1858

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