LRichard's ..Comprehensive geography of the Chinese empire and dependencies ..translated into English, revised and enlarged . nite. Then furtheron, are found granite, schist, and gneiss, partially buried beneath volcanic eruptionsand yellow earth or loess. Generally speaking however, especially in the volcanic regionof the N., the China limestone is predominant, and is covered over with rich coalmeasures. The denuded layers are conspicuous in the mountains which lie to the \\.of Peking. Orograpby. — The plain rises gradually with only a fewundulations up to the mountains. These then soar abrup
LRichard's ..Comprehensive geography of the Chinese empire and dependencies ..translated into English, revised and enlarged . nite. Then furtheron, are found granite, schist, and gneiss, partially buried beneath volcanic eruptionsand yellow earth or loess. Generally speaking however, especially in the volcanic regionof the N., the China limestone is predominant, and is covered over with rich coalmeasures. The denuded layers are conspicuous in the mountains which lie to the \\.of Peking. Orograpby. — The plain rises gradually with only a fewundulations up to the mountains. These then soar abruptly,running in the direction —, and constitute the pro-longation of the chains, which we have already noted on the Shansi ilj gf. They form towards the W. several parallellines, which are called, as they proceed from the plain towardsMongolia : the Hung-sh^in ^ [Ij, fHaoivntfai-shan ^J> 3E S UJ*Htvangyang-shan ^ ;^ iJj, and the Knlu-sJian f^ ^ llj Thislatter extends to the of Kalgan (5^ ^ D Changkia-kow),under the name of the Yin-shan |]^ ^ and the Wei-shan :^ \\\ SECTION T. THE NORTHERN NORTHERN CHIHLI andApproaches to Peking. CHAPTER IV. CHIHLI. ,69 mountains. The Wei-shan has the highest peak in Chihli ij|[^ :the Peh-ch*a è^i which attains an elevation of nearly 10,000feet. Towards the these mountains descend gradually,proceeding from the Peh-shan to Jehol (Chêngteh Fu 3^^, fl^^).In this very hilly region, there are large valleys, which areused for agricultural purposes, when they are covered withloess or volcanic earth. Climate. — The climate of Chihli is excessively hot in Summer, both on themountains and in the plain. The Spring is dry; rain sets in only in July and August,and falls principally in the plain. It is very cold in Winter, and the rivers are frozenover from the middle of November. When snow falls, it melts quickly in the inequality of the rain-fall renders the harvests vei-y precarious, and so the Provinceve
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