. Elements of railroad track and construction . PRACTICAL TURNOUTS. 161 point of frog and two sections. In Fig. 976 threesections of the frog are shown. This is called the Manard Anvil Face Frog, and is patented and man-ufactured by the Pennsylvania Steel Company. 155. Crossing Frogs.—Crossing frogs are necessarywhere two tracks cross each other at grade. The detailsof the design of crossing frogs depend upon the amount of. Fig. 98. traffic and the crossing angle. A sixty-degree crossingfrog manufactured by the Ramapo Iron Works is shownin Fig. 98, the figure representing the intersection of t
. Elements of railroad track and construction . PRACTICAL TURNOUTS. 161 point of frog and two sections. In Fig. 976 threesections of the frog are shown. This is called the Manard Anvil Face Frog, and is patented and man-ufactured by the Pennsylvania Steel Company. 155. Crossing Frogs.—Crossing frogs are necessarywhere two tracks cross each other at grade. The detailsof the design of crossing frogs depend upon the amount of. Fig. 98. traffic and the crossing angle. A sixty-degree crossingfrog manufactured by the Ramapo Iron Works is shownin Fig. 98, the figure representing the intersection of tworails, four of these frogs being necessary for the inter-section of two single tracks. AVhen the angle is greaterthan the angle of an ordinary turnout frog and the tracksare used equally, stiff frogs are used. Crossing frogs aresubject to all the objections of an ordinary stiff frog,and the amount of pounding that they receive under 162 RAILROAD TRACK AND CONSTRUCTION. heavy traffic makes them very difficult to maintain, andone year was a long life for them under fairly heavytraffic, when they were made out of the ordinary railsteel, but manganese steel frogs last several years. A grade track crossing is one of the weakest spotsin a railroad on account (1) of the danger, (2) inter-ruption of traffic of both roads, and (3) difficulty ofmaintenance. In a few cases a grade-crossing is ab-solutely necessary on account
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