. A biology of Crustacea. Crustacea. ASSOCIATIONS WITH OTHER ANIMALS 99. Fig. 43. Phronima sp. (Amphipoda) from inside a salp. Actual length 13 mm. through the small holes, for the purpose of mating and fertilising the eggs. A shrimp, Paratypton siebenrocki, has similar habits. Sea anemones are rarely eaten by other animals, they appear to be distasteful, and they are well provided with stinging cells which are virulent enough to repel most would-be predators. Several crustaceans have taken advantage of these distasteful properties and gain protection by associating with the sea anemones. A re
. A biology of Crustacea. Crustacea. ASSOCIATIONS WITH OTHER ANIMALS 99. Fig. 43. Phronima sp. (Amphipoda) from inside a salp. Actual length 13 mm. through the small holes, for the purpose of mating and fertilising the eggs. A shrimp, Paratypton siebenrocki, has similar habits. Sea anemones are rarely eaten by other animals, they appear to be distasteful, and they are well provided with stinging cells which are virulent enough to repel most would-be predators. Several crustaceans have taken advantage of these distasteful properties and gain protection by associating with the sea anemones. A recently described example is the mysidacean Heteromysis actiniae, which lives among the tentacles of the sea anemone Bartholomea annulata in the Bahamas. A more active use of a coelenterate for protection is made by the small crab Lybia tessellata, which carries a small sea anemone in each chela and thrusts them at its predators. It has been suggested that Lybia may also use the stinging powers of the anemones to disable small animals, which the crab then takes as its own food. The associations between hermit crabs and sea anemones are classical examples of commensalism. This is a term applied to associations in which the two partners share the same food. Most hermit crabs hide their soft vulnerable abdomens in an empty mollusc shell. Eupagurus bernhardus is found most frequentlv in empty whelk (Buccinum) shells; this too is a special relationship. Even though the whelk is not a living partner the hermit depends upon its activities to produce the shell. A special case is found in Bermuda, where a land-dwelling hermit crab, Coenobita diogenes, lives in the shells of Livofia pica. The remarkable fact is that Livona is now extinct in Bermuda, and all the shells used by the hermits are either fossils or sub-fossils; the crab relies on the products of a. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - colora
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookcollectionbiodiversit, booksubjectcrustacea
