Chambers's encyclopaedia; a dictionary of universal knowledge . d by high scien-lilic authority as iron carbonised in degrees inter-mediate between malleable and cast iron,a descrip-tion that has led to a multitude of futile andcostly attempts to iiroduce steel by castand wrougiit iron together, and other similardevices for simply diminishing the proporlion ofcarbon. Such devices would be successful if cast-iron were a compound or mixture of iron andcarbon oii/>/ ; but ordinary cast-iron contains silicon,sulidiur, and phosphorus in quantities that areruinous to steel. The modern mak
Chambers's encyclopaedia; a dictionary of universal knowledge . d by high scien-lilic authority as iron carbonised in degrees inter-mediate between malleable and cast iron,a descrip-tion that has led to a multitude of futile andcostly attempts to iiroduce steel by castand wrougiit iron together, and other similardevices for simply diminishing the proporlion ofcarbon. Such devices would be successful if cast-iron were a compound or mixture of iron andcarbon oii/>/ ; but ordinary cast-iron contains silicon,sulidiur, and phosphorus in quantities that areruinous to steel. The modern maker of the best steel thereforeuses the best puddled ir<iii. preferably Swedishcharcoal iron. He has it rolled into bars, usually3 inches wide and J inch thick, and 10 to 15 feetlong, and submits to a process which hasreceived the name of cementing. Jhe ceiiienting-furnace is a circular brick structure terminatingupwards in a wide truncated conical chimney ofsomewhat dome-like appearance, a familiar featurein the gloomy landscape of Shetlield. Eig. 1. Kig. 1. .shows it in sec-tion with IIm> tipjier )iart of thechimney cut ofV: /is the ashpit with the bars ofthe; iireiilace seen endwise above; c, c are two chests, or converting pots, shown in are made of firelirick or lirestone, and suji-]iorlcd over the lire, with Hues so arranged that thellame and smoke shall Jiass uj) the arched sjiacebetween them, and below ami around their outersides, so as to heal them all round as equallyas possible. The smoke and lurid smoky traversing these Hues rise into the aicli, <(,which is thus healeil and con-ei|uently radiatesdownwards to tin- up)ier siile of the chests. The chests, 15 to IS feet long anil 2h to 3 feetdeep and .same widlh, are cliarged by lirst siireadiiigover tlie bottom a layer of charcoal(from hard wood preferred) about 2 inches deej).Upon this is placed a layer of bars with a space ofi to 5 inch between each. Over the
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookdecade1900, bookpublisherlondo, bookyear1901
