. Ridpath's Universal history : an account of the origin, primitive condition and ethnic development of the great races of mankind, and of the principal events in the evolution and progress of the civilized life among men and nations, from recent and authentic sources with a preliminary inquiry on the time, place and manner of the beginning . PAPUAN BOATS.—Drawn by E. Mesples, from a photograph. spect to this the Papuans are again inadvance of the Australians and Nigri-cans. It is the superiority of this east-ern division of the Black race that hasgiven them the name of Pelagian, orvSea Negroe
. Ridpath's Universal history : an account of the origin, primitive condition and ethnic development of the great races of mankind, and of the principal events in the evolution and progress of the civilized life among men and nations, from recent and authentic sources with a preliminary inquiry on the time, place and manner of the beginning . PAPUAN BOATS.—Drawn by E. Mesples, from a photograph. spect to this the Papuans are again inadvance of the Australians and Nigri-cans. It is the superiority of this east-ern division of the Black race that hasgiven them the name of Pelagian, orvSea Negroes ; for they freely take to thewater, and have boats of considerablecapacity. This type of life belongs tothe coast and the outlying smaller is-lands. In such regions the influence of mark a degree in the human evolutiongreatly above that of those Blacks andother savages who fear the sea and knownothing of attack and capture. ThePapuans are not incapable of piraticalhabits. They traverse the coast and theadjacent islands, going from place toplace in trading boats, and procuring inmany cases such things as they desireby capture from the enemy. PA PUA NS.—GO IERNMENT A ND RELIC I (W 735 Chapter cxcv. ?Government anu Religion-The HE government of thenatives is tribal. Theheadmen, or chiefs,have authority, butthey are wont to relyupon a council fortheir decisions. Suchmeetings are not unlike the pow-wowsof our American aborigines. The Pap-uans have no general confederacy, eachtribe retaining its local independenceand following its own policy. One or two results of this method oflife, determined as it is by the environ-ment, may be noted. One of these isMethod of Pap- that the native barbarians XSJKSST are less nomadic less environment. shifting in place and habit,than are the primitive inhabitants ofcontinental areas. The latter have free-dom. In such a country as New Guineathere will be freedom of removal, but itis freedom with limitations. On theother hand, the s
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