. Goldfish varieties and tropical aquarium fishes; a complete guide to aquaria and related subjects. Aquariums; Goldfish. Fig. 74. Indirect External Heater Fig. Ti. Direct External Heater. Fig. 75. Indirect System Through Base, Showing Imtroved Vapor Expansion Hook Under Water pass through. Such an arrangement is shown in Fig. 72i. Aquarium water is directly heated in the small outside reservoir and circulated back again. With this device the water intake may easily become clogged, which soon causes the water to boil. This heating method is frequently nsed, but it is bad in theory and in pract
. Goldfish varieties and tropical aquarium fishes; a complete guide to aquaria and related subjects. Aquariums; Goldfish. Fig. 74. Indirect External Heater Fig. Ti. Direct External Heater. Fig. 75. Indirect System Through Base, Showing Imtroved Vapor Expansion Hook Under Water pass through. Such an arrangement is shown in Fig. 72i. Aquarium water is directly heated in the small outside reservoir and circulated back again. With this device the water intake may easily become clogged, which soon causes the water to boil. This heating method is frequently nsed, but it is bad in theory and in practise. A better arrangement is shown in Fig. 74, which is a complete hot water system not using the aquarium water. The tubing is of copper, J4 inch inside diameter, and of thin walls. Before bending any such work to shape it should be packed quite hard with dry sand and the ends corked up. This prevents buckling at the sharp curves. At the very top of the loop rising from the heating coil should be bored a y^-mz\\ hole and a small funnel soldered around this. All hot water systems create some vapor. If this were allowed to collect in the pipe there could be no circulation and boiling would soon take place. The two open ends need not be soldered together. They can be satisfactorily joined by rubber tubing, but this should be arranged to occur in the rising side of pipe in the water. This whole arrangement can be hooked over the edge of any aquarium and has the. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Innes, William T. (William Thornton), 1874-1969. Philadelphia, Innes
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