. Insect pests of farm, garden and orchard . t roots, and grow slowly, as itrequires two years or more for them to become the fall they burrow down in the soil, gradually going deeper * Lachnosterna spp. Family—ScarahceidoB. See S. A- Forbes, Bulletin116, Illinois Agricultural Experiment Station. 79 80 INSECT PESTS OF FARM, GARDEN AND ORCHARD as frost approaches until by the first freeze most of them arefrom 7 to 14 inches deep. The next year they do much moreserious damage, and land which has been in sod and thenplanted in corn, strawberries, or other crops of which they arefond
. Insect pests of farm, garden and orchard . t roots, and grow slowly, as itrequires two years or more for them to become the fall they burrow down in the soil, gradually going deeper * Lachnosterna spp. Family—ScarahceidoB. See S. A- Forbes, Bulletin116, Illinois Agricultural Experiment Station. 79 80 INSECT PESTS OF FARM, GARDEN AND ORCHARD as frost approaches until by the first freeze most of them arefrom 7 to 14 inches deep. The next year they do much moreserious damage, and land which has been in sod and thenplanted in corn, strawberries, or other crops of which they arefond, is often so full of the grubs that the crops are ruined. In1895 an Illinois field of 250 acres which had been in grass fortwenty years was so injured that the sod could be rolled uplike a carpet over the entire field. It is not surprising, therefore,that Professor Forbes records finding as many as thirty-four grubsto the hill of corn in another Illinois field which had previouslybeen in sod. Where sod is taken into greenhouses the grubs. Fig. 50.—Lachnostema arcuata: a, beetle; b, pupa; c, egg; d, newly-hatchedlarva; e, mature larva; /, anal segment of same from below, a, b,e, enlarged one-fourth; c, d, f, more enlarged. (After Chittenden, U. S. Dept. Agr.) often become serious pests. When the grub is two, or possiblysometimes three years old, it forms a small oval cell from 3 to10 inches below the surface and there changes to a soft, whitepupa, sometime in June or July. The pupal stage lasts slightlyover three weeks, and in August or September the adult beetlewriggles out of the pupal skin, but remains in the pupal celluntil the following spring, when it comes forth fully three full years are occupied by the life-cjcle of each brood,though grulDS in all stages of development may be found in thesoil every year. The adult l^eotles feed at night upon the foliage of varioustrees. They hide in the soil during the day, migrate to the trees INSECTS AFFECTING GRAIN
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