. A history of the United States. yr I Confederate BattleFlag CHAPTER XXXVI STORY OF VICTORY AND DEFEAT A Long Struggle. — Compared with other recent wars,the Civil War had by 1862 lasted a long time. Two yearsbefore, France had begun a war with Austria in April and ithad ended in July. A few years later, a war between Aus-. The Line of Defense in January, 1862 tria and Prussia opened in June and closed in August. TheCivil War was to last three years longer, although within ayear and a half it was clear that the North was slowly gain-ing the advantage. The change was due to campaigns inthe Mis
. A history of the United States. yr I Confederate BattleFlag CHAPTER XXXVI STORY OF VICTORY AND DEFEAT A Long Struggle. — Compared with other recent wars,the Civil War had by 1862 lasted a long time. Two yearsbefore, France had begun a war with Austria in April and ithad ended in July. A few years later, a war between Aus-. The Line of Defense in January, 1862 tria and Prussia opened in June and closed in August. TheCivil War was to last three years longer, although within ayear and a half it was clear that the North was slowly gain-ing the advantage. The change was due to campaigns inthe Mississippi Valley, for the positions of the armies inVirginia remained almost the same in spite of the most des-perate fighting. CONFEDERATE LINE OF DEFENSE BROKEN 413 Confederate Line of Defense Broken. — In January,1862, the Confederate line of defense ran from the fortifica-tions at Columbus on the Mississippi River, through FortHenry on the Tennessee River and Fort Donelson, twelvemiles away on the Cumberland, past BowHng Green, to Cum-berland Gap. The position of Columbus was very strong. Itwas situated on bluffs so high that it could not be reached byguns fired from armed steamers, while the plunging fire ofits batteries would destroy any vessels which attempted topass. If the Confederate hne was to be broken,
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