. The unemployment problem ... National industrial conference board. llowing table shows the proportion of foreign bornemployed in certain industries in 1910, and Chart 9 gives thenet immigration since 1910. PER CENT OF FOREIGN BORN WAGE-EARNERS INLEADING INDUSTRIES, 1910^ Agricultural implements and vehicles Boots and shoes 2/ .3 Cigars and tobacco Clothing. Coal mining (bituminous) Construction work Copper mining and smelting Cotton goods Furniture Glass Iron and steel Iron ore mining ? Leather Oil refining Silk goods Slaughter
. The unemployment problem ... National industrial conference board. llowing table shows the proportion of foreign bornemployed in certain industries in 1910, and Chart 9 gives thenet immigration since 1910. PER CENT OF FOREIGN BORN WAGE-EARNERS INLEADING INDUSTRIES, 1910^ Agricultural implements and vehicles Boots and shoes 2/ .3 Cigars and tobacco Clothing. Coal mining (bituminous) Construction work Copper mining and smelting Cotton goods Furniture Glass Iron and steel Iron ore mining ? Leather Oil refining Silk goods Slaughtering and meat packing Sugar refining. ° Wool and worsted goods ? • • • United States. Abstracts of Reports of the Immigration Comnussion, Document No. , pp. 332-333. 57Digitized by Microsoft® CHART 9: NET IMMIGRATION, SKILLED AND COMMON LABOR,UNITED STATES, 1911-1920 (FISCAL YEARS)! TMOUSWDS ISO 100 50 (National Industrial Conference Board)SKILLED LABOR / \ r \ EXCESS OF IMMIGRATIONOVER| EMIGRATION — \ u^ K ^^ / 400 350 COMMON LABOR. 1911 ISie 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 I9IS ISZO I9EI Based on data from the United States Bureau of Immigration. 58 Digitized by Microsoft® Government Fiscal Policy as a Cause of Unemployment: One ofthe most disturbing features of government activity inits effect upon business is uncertainty of tax levies. A gen-erally accepted principle evolved from the experience ofmodern nations is that tax levies should be known far enoughahead to permit producers to anticipate them and to adjusttheir affairs so that payment can be made with the leastpossible inconvenience. The many obligations which theGovernment has assumed as the result of the expendituresdue to the war must be met. The problem resolves itselfinto one of applying forms of taxation which will best dis-tribute the burden according to the accepted canon of abilityto pay and at the same time hinder as little as possible neededinvestment in industry. Another princ
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