. Construction materials for coastal structures. Coastal engineering; Building materials. Figure 37. Hermosa Beach recreation pier. These piles may vary in cross section from [6 inch) diameter round piles to (30 inch) solid square or octagonal piles and mete: (4 foot) round hollow piles. Hollow piles usually have a to meter wall. The restrictions on concrete pile size are determined by the equipment required to manufacture them, the pile bed, forms and, if required, prestressing equipment as well as the pile handling equipment such as cranes, barges an
. Construction materials for coastal structures. Coastal engineering; Building materials. Figure 37. Hermosa Beach recreation pier. These piles may vary in cross section from [6 inch) diameter round piles to (30 inch) solid square or octagonal piles and mete: (4 foot) round hollow piles. Hollow piles usually have a to meter wall. The restrictions on concrete pile size are determined by the equipment required to manufacture them, the pile bed, forms and, if required, prestressing equipment as well as the pile handling equipment such as cranes, barges and piledriver. (3) Submerged Structures. Concrete is an ideal material for the construction of submerged structures. It may be used for monolithic submerged structures such as structural elements of bridges or precast- prestressed for pipelines, intake and outfall structures, and bridge piers. Other submerged structures usually built of concrete include tunnels for vehicular and railroad traffic and utilities. (4) Floating Structures. Many concrete pontoons of various shapes and size have been constructed as parts of pontoon bridges, quays, wharves, and floating facilities for small boats and seaplanes. Floating breakwaters of precast reinforced concrete pontoons have been installed in Tenakee Springs, Sitka, and Ketchikan, Alaska, and Blaine, Everett, and Port Orchard, Washington. Other structures such as skiffs, launches, scows, barges, floating drydocks, and permanent offshore structures have been constructed of concrete. The construction of fixed breakwaters by floating precast units into place is not uncommon. Caisson units are constructed on a land site, floated into position, sometimes thousands of miles from the construction site, then submerged on the ocean bottom and filled with sand or dredge material. Most any type of floating or sub- mersible structures, at one time or another has been built of concrete. 164. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned
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