. Key to North American birds. Containing a concise account of every species of living and fossil bird at present known from the continent north of the Mexican and United States boundary, inclusive of Greenland and lower California, with which are incorporated General ornithology: an outline of the structure and classification of birds; and Field ornithology, a manual of collecting, preparing, and preserving birds. Birds; Birds; 1887. EXTERNAL PARTS OF BIRDS. —THE WINGS. 107. structed, by loss of some of the digits tliat five-fiiigered acimals possess, and by the compres- sion of those that ar
. Key to North American birds. Containing a concise account of every species of living and fossil bird at present known from the continent north of the Mexican and United States boundary, inclusive of Greenland and lower California, with which are incorporated General ornithology: an outline of the structure and classification of birds; and Field ornithology, a manual of collecting, preparing, and preserving birds. Birds; Birds; 1887. EXTERNAL PARTS OF BIRDS. —THE WINGS. 107. structed, by loss of some of the digits tliat five-fiiigered acimals possess, and by the compres- sion of those that are left. The wing proper begins at the shciulder-joint, where it hinges freely upon the shoulder, in a shalhiw sncltct foniied cmijointly by the shoulder-Made or scapula, and by the coracokl bone; these two, with the clavicles, collar-bones or mer- ry-thought, fnrcidum, form- ing the shoulder-girdle, or pectoral arch (figs. 56, 59). The wing ordinarily con- \^|\ sists, in adult life, of teyi or eleven actually separate bones; in the embryo (see fig. 29) there are indications of several more at the wrist-joint, which speedily lose their individual identity by fusing together and with bones of the hand. Aside from these, there is often an accessory ossicle at Fig. 28. ^Mechanism of elbow-joint. (See of tig. 27.) the shoulder-joint (fig. 56, olis), sometimes one at the wrist-joint, occasionally an extra bone at the end of the principal finger. Tlie normal or usual numlier is shown in fig. 37, taken from a duck (Clani/ula islandka), in whicli there arc eleven. Tlie upper arm-bone, /*, reaching from the shoulder A to the elbow B, is the humerus. In the closed wing, the humerus lies nearly in the position (.if the same bone in man when the elbow is against the side f>f the Ixidy; in extension of the wing, the elbow is borne away from tlie Viody, as when we raise the arm, but carry it neither forward nor backward. A peculiarity of the bird's humerus is, that it is ro
Size: 1883px × 1328px
Photo credit: © Central Historic Books / Alamy / Afripics
License: Licensed
Model Released: No
Keywords: ., bookcentury1800, bookdecade1880, booksubjectbirds, bookyear1887
