New Jersey as a colony and as a state : one of the original thirteen . eneralScott occupied Puebla, and on the 7th of Au-gust marched forward to Mexico City, fighting thebattles of Contreras, Cherubusco, and San An-tonio. Delayed by an unwise armistice, the finaloperations against the City of Mexico were notmade until the 8th of September. Thence untilthe final capitulation of the city upon the 16ththe battles of Molino del Rey, Casa Mata, Chapul-tepec, Belen, and San Cosm^ marked some of themost gallant defenses and the most brilliantcharges ever witnessed upon the North Americancontinent. Wi
New Jersey as a colony and as a state : one of the original thirteen . eneralScott occupied Puebla, and on the 7th of Au-gust marched forward to Mexico City, fighting thebattles of Contreras, Cherubusco, and San An-tonio. Delayed by an unwise armistice, the finaloperations against the City of Mexico were notmade until the 8th of September. Thence untilthe final capitulation of the city upon the 16ththe battles of Molino del Rey, Casa Mata, Chapul-tepec, Belen, and San Cosm^ marked some of themost gallant defenses and the most brilliantcharges ever witnessed upon the North Americancontinent. With the fall of the City of Mexicoended the war, and at Guadalupe Hidalgo, uponthe 2d of February, 1848, the secret treaty of peacebetween the two republics was signed, while uponthe 30th of May the ratifications of the treatywere exchanged. Under the treaty the Rio Grande was estab-lished as the boundary between the United Statesand Mexico from the Gulf to the southern boun-dary of New Mexico, thence along the New Mexicoline to its western terminus, thence along the. ONY AND AS A STATE 353 western side of New Mexico to the first branch ofthe Gila Rdver, thence by that branch to the Colo-rado Eiver, and lastly to the Pacific Ocean, onthe boundary between upper California and lowerCalifornia. Free navigation was granted citizensof the United States in the waters of the Gulf ofCalifornia, the Colorado River, the Gila River, andthe Rio Bravo del Norte, south of New was guaranteed all Mexicans residingin the United States, whether they retained Mexi-can citizenship or took the oath of allegiance tothe United States. To indemnify losses on thepart of American citizens and for surrendered ter-ritory the United States agreed to pay fifteen mil-lion dollars. Thus passed under the control ofthe United States government: California, NewMexico, Nevada, Arizona, Utah, and parts of Colo-rado, and Wyoming. On December 30, 1853, byreason of the Gadsden purchase, the southernw
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