Elements of ecology (1954) Elements of ecology elementsofecolog00clar Year: 1954 446 Succession and Fluctuation no succession appears to take place. Where conditions are not changed by the inhabitants of an area so as to favor other species, succession does not occur. If the existing community is destroyed in many regions of the tropics or subtropics, the area will be repopulated directly by the original species. The communities of the open ocean and of the deep sea may be regarded as being in a climax condition. Since the physical conditions of the sea—and also of large lakes—are essentially
Elements of ecology (1954) Elements of ecology elementsofecolog00clar Year: 1954 446 Succession and Fluctuation no succession appears to take place. Where conditions are not changed by the inhabitants of an area so as to favor other species, succession does not occur. If the existing community is destroyed in many regions of the tropics or subtropics, the area will be repopulated directly by the original species. The communities of the open ocean and of the deep sea may be regarded as being in a climax condition. Since the physical conditions of the sea—and also of large lakes—are essentially unmodifiable by the plant and animal inhabitants, no eco- logical succession takes place that is comparable to that found on land. In the open ocean seasonal and short-term sequences in the communi- ties of temperate regions occur, as they do on land, but growth of marine organisms in the plankton or on the floor of the deep sea does not change the nature of the physical environment in such a way as to cause a permanent or irreversible replacement of one community by another that regularly extends beyond the seasonal cycle. For a further discussion of ecological succession the reader is referred to Costing (1948), Alice et al. (1949, Ch. 29), and for special situa- tions to Hutchinson (1941), Dansereau (1951), and Niering (1953), Photo by C. Davidson Fig. Open 'glades' maintained by limpets {Patella) on rocks in the tidal zone of the Isle of Cumbrae, Scotland. The browsing of these gastropods (seen on the large rock in the foreground) curtails the invasion of the red alga, Gigartina stellata. Barnacles also inhabit the 'glades.'
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