Cane sugar; a textbook on the agriculture of the sugar cane, the manufacture of cane sugar, and the analysis of sugar-house products . n Kauai, 13 miles long and delivering 60,000,000 gallonsdaily, ;f75>ooo- 108 THE IRRIGATION OF THE CANE 109 Kohala ditch in Hawaii, 14 miles long, 12 feet wide at top, 7I feet wideat bottom, and 4^ feet deep, £83,000. Waiahole ditch in Oahu, 14J miles long, with 10 miles of tunnel, 3^miles of conciete ditch, and i| miles of steel syphon pipe and deUvering80,000,000 gallons daily, /5oo,ooo. Two methods of obtaining water are in use : (i) Pumping from sub-terr
Cane sugar; a textbook on the agriculture of the sugar cane, the manufacture of cane sugar, and the analysis of sugar-house products . n Kauai, 13 miles long and delivering 60,000,000 gallonsdaily, ;f75>ooo- 108 THE IRRIGATION OF THE CANE 109 Kohala ditch in Hawaii, 14 miles long, 12 feet wide at top, 7I feet wideat bottom, and 4^ feet deep, £83,000. Waiahole ditch in Oahu, 14J miles long, with 10 miles of tunnel, 3^miles of conciete ditch, and i| miles of steel syphon pipe and deUvering80,000,000 gallons daily, /5oo,ooo. Two methods of obtaining water are in use : (i) Pumping from sub-terranean sources, and (2) interruption of upland sources and conveyanceto the plantations by systems of canals, tunnels, s^phons and fliunes. Bothof these methods are combined th systems of reservoirs, whereby an excessflow may be conserved, and where often the night flow from the ditches isalso stored. The pmnping plants are located at or near sea level, and it hasbeen found less expensive to elevate the water through long pipe lines thanto sink shafts at a high level and to install mining pattern pumps. In igog ,<it^:z^u=~^. it was estimated that the water pumped daily with an average lift of 200 feetwas 595,000,000 gallons, of which 360,000,000 gallons were pumped in thePearl Harbour district in Oahu, 150,000,000 in Central Maui, and the balancemainly in Kauai. Since then the quantity of water pumped has tended todecrease, follo\\-ing on some extension in the ditch systems leading to themountain areas, which now (1919) deliver some 800,000,000 gallons ditches, which are mainly concrete-lined so as to prevent seepage,and which in all aggregate several himdred miles in length, have beenconstructed with great engineering skill; they have entailed tunnelling^through mountains and the passage of deep ra\dnes, the system here generallyfollowed being the use of inverted steel syphon pipes reaching to a diameterof eight feet. The largest reservoir built is that at Wahia
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookdecade1920, booksubjectsugar, bookyear1921
