. A system of obstetrics . es the commissureof the lids, the caruncle, the lachrymal puncta, and, in aggravated in-stances, a considerable portion of the area of the lids. Epicanthus isgenerally bilateral, and is usually associated with congenital. ptosis. As Horner2 has pointed out, an examination of this region innewborn children, and a comparison of it with the bridge of thenose and the folds of the lid, might readily lead to the belief that * Gerhardts Handb. d. Kinderkrankhciten. 2 Loc. cit. CONGENITAL ANOMALIES OF THE EYELIDS. 827 a low grade of epicanthiis is very common. This appearanc
. A system of obstetrics . es the commissureof the lids, the caruncle, the lachrymal puncta, and, in aggravated in-stances, a considerable portion of the area of the lids. Epicanthus isgenerally bilateral, and is usually associated with congenital. ptosis. As Horner2 has pointed out, an examination of this region innewborn children, and a comparison of it with the bridge of thenose and the folds of the lid, might readily lead to the belief that * Gerhardts Handb. d. Kinderkrankhciten. 2 Loc. cit. CONGENITAL ANOMALIES OF THE EYELIDS. 827 a low grade of epicanthiis is very common. This appearance, how-ever, disappears in the later development of the face and nose. Thefact that the free border of the abnormal fold of skin may nearly cover the sclera, between the margins of the cornea and the inner com-missure, give- pise to an appearance as if a convergent strabismus waspresent; and v. Graefe expressed the opinion that epicanthus dependedessentially not so much upon the development of an abnormal fold of Fig. Epicanthus (after v. Amnion). skin as upon an insufficiency of some of the twigs of the oculo-motor nerve, especially those which pass to th«- levator palpebrarumand the superior rectus. Moreover, Hirschberg1 ha- demonstrated aconnection between epicanthus and ophthalmoplegia, in which the defectappeared to be due to a congenital aplasia of the gray nuclei below theaqueduct of Sylvius: the fold of the Bkin extending from the upper tothe lower lid, which i< generally regarded as characteristic of epican-thus, was absent It is not improbable, however, according to Man/,-I,i;lt :l11 of these and similar anomalies have a common origin in thedevelopment of the bones of the face which are concerned in this region. This al rmality may appear in several members <•(* the same family ; thus, Advarado observed three cases of epicanthus in the father, Bon, anddaughter, in which the superfluous tissue appeared like a tumor. Someauthor-? have described under the
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1800, bookdecade1880, booksubjectobstetrics, bookyear1
