. Railroad structures and estimates . bove the roofl>eing made a little larger than the portion below the roof so asto produce the effect of a box within a box for a square jack,or a pipe within a pipe for a round jack, the space betweenserving as an exit for any smoke getting from under the feature, however, is not generally provided for hoods that 510 CAST-IROX JACKS. are wide and long. ]Most of the designs that are used to any-great extent at the present time are patented and the illus-trations and descriptions that follow are from drawings thatare protected by patents.


. Railroad structures and estimates . bove the roofl>eing made a little larger than the portion below the roof so asto produce the effect of a box within a box for a square jack,or a pipe within a pipe for a round jack, the space betweenserving as an exit for any smoke getting from under the feature, however, is not generally provided for hoods that 510 CAST-IROX JACKS. are wide and long. ]Most of the designs that are used to any-great extent at the present time are patented and the illus-trations and descriptions that follow are from drawings thatare protected by patents. Materials. — The materials now commonly used in the con-struction of smoke jacks are cast iron, asbestos, and wood. Alarge number of railroads have used all three with indifferentsuccess and the item which has figured largest in the problemhas not been the first cost but the maintenance repairs. Cast Iron. — Cast-iron jacks have been used for the pasttwenty-five years, but as their size increased, the excessive Cast Iron % thick. 1^— 11 3-8H-Sqr— —M 1 1 i i 1/ ^^ / V V ^^r/ j\ SECTION ON Fix. Cast-iron Smnko Jack. ASBESTOS SMOIvE JACKS. 511 weight to be carried by the roof has given some concern; this,however, has been hirgely overcome by using hght castingsbuilt up in sections secured and supported with cast-iron bolts,as per Fig. 243c. With this material it is necessary to providefor condensation and usually a drip trough is placed at the bot-tom of the hood on either side and the drip is conveyed farenough over to escape the engine bj- means of small pipes. Ithas also to be kept well painted to protect it from rust. Anordinar} cast-iron jack with hood 36 in. wide and 8 ft. long and36 in. diameter stack will weigh approximately 2500 lb. andthe average cost is about SI25 erected complete in place. Underordinary conditions the average life of a cast-iron jack given bya number of railroads is from 8 to 10 \ears. Asbestos. — Asbestos in sheet form has been


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