. Röntgen ray diagnosis and therapy . losis, probably due to an inflammatoryprocess, the shadows of both articulation surfaces running intoeach other. Bloodless breaking up of the adherent area is indi-cated in such a case. The shaft of the humerus is best examined while the patient SHOULDER AND [JPPER EXTREMITY L85 is seated on a low chair, his extended and slightly flexed arm rest-ing on the examining table. As a rule a general view suffices; forstructural details the diaphragm may be employed. Especially ifthere are thick muscular layers, or in case of osteomyelitis necrosis3or osseous cyst
. Röntgen ray diagnosis and therapy . losis, probably due to an inflammatoryprocess, the shadows of both articulation surfaces running intoeach other. Bloodless breaking up of the adherent area is indi-cated in such a case. The shaft of the humerus is best examined while the patient SHOULDER AND [JPPER EXTREMITY L85 is seated on a low chair, his extended and slightly flexed arm rest-ing on the examining table. As a rule a general view suffices; forstructural details the diaphragm may be employed. Especially ifthere are thick muscular layers, or in case of osteomyelitis necrosis3or osseous cyst, it is desirable to obtain well-defined outlines. In children immobilization during exposure is obtained best bythe diaphragm. Or a small-sized plate is fastened to the humerusby a gauze bandage. Short exposures should be given wheneverpossible; of course if the exposure lasted a few seconds only struc-tural details cannot be expected. The bone also appears light then,because a soft tube cannot be selected for rapid skiagraphy. Fig. 128.—Fibrous Ankylosis of Shouldeb. 129 illustrates the fracture of the diaphysis in a new-born the exposure lasted a few seconds only, the fracture-lineand the angular as well as the axial displacement of the fragmentsare well represented. The focus of the tube being situated right 186 THE RONTGEN EAYS above the humerus, it is appreciated why this area appears light,while the other areas show a darker tint. As to dislocation, it is generally assumed that in the frequentsubcoracoid type the flattening of the shoulder, the axial change,
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