. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. 96 JOHN H. LOCHHEAD. FIGURE 1. Pcnilia avirostris Dana, from Woods Hole, Massachusetts, August, 1953. Sketched from preserved specimens, a camera lucida being used for the main outlines. A, ma- ture female, with a single resting egg in the brood sac; B, male one instar prior to maturity; the shell valves are here much wider apart than they would be in a living specimen. by small rudiments of the penes, antennules already twice the length of those in a female, and, as in all males, by the absence of a pointed rostrum. RESTRIC
. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. 96 JOHN H. LOCHHEAD. FIGURE 1. Pcnilia avirostris Dana, from Woods Hole, Massachusetts, August, 1953. Sketched from preserved specimens, a camera lucida being used for the main outlines. A, ma- ture female, with a single resting egg in the brood sac; B, male one instar prior to maturity; the shell valves are here much wider apart than they would be in a living specimen. by small rudiments of the penes, antennules already twice the length of those in a female, and, as in all males, by the absence of a pointed rostrum. RESTRICTION TO COASTAL WATERS The restriction of Pcnilia to coastal waters is another feature for which no defi- nite explanation can be offered at present. The greatest distances from shore at which Pcnilia has been taken seem to be those reported by Bigelow and Sears (1939) (about 60 km. off the coast of New Jersey) and by Marukawa (1921) (either about 230 km. or about 310 km. east of Japan). Neither temperature nor salinity would appear to be a factor excluding Pcnilia from the open sea. Some authors have spoken of Pcnilia as a predominantly brackish wrater form (, Gibitz, 1922). There has even been a single isolated record of Pcnilia from fresh water (Kramer, 1895). However, most of the records of Pcnilia have been from locali- ties with salinities above 32',,. Leder (1915) found Pcnilia in salinities from \Q%0. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Marine Biological Laboratory (Woods Hole, Mass. ); Marine Biological Laboratory (Woods Hole, Mass. ). Annual report 1907/08-1952; Lillie, Frank Rattray, 1870-1947; Moore, Carl Richard, 1892-; Redfield, Alfred Clarence, 1890-1983. Woods Hole, Mass. : Marine Biological Laboratory
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