. Bonner zoologische Monographien. Zoology. : Ventral view of geni- tal papillae of some species of Phoxinus. A: P. cumberlan- densis (UT , para- type. mm SL. female): B: P. oreas (KU 3259. mm SL, male); C: P. tennes- seensis (UT , mm SL, male); D: P. phoxi- nus (ZFMK 585-586. mm SL. female, lateral view). Scale bar = 1 mm. is interpreted as apomorphic condition. Howes (1985) illustrated P. phoxinus as lacking the projection in both males and females. My observation differs from that of Howes (1985) in that a long projection is present in both genders of
. Bonner zoologische Monographien. Zoology. : Ventral view of geni- tal papillae of some species of Phoxinus. A: P. cumberlan- densis (UT , para- type. mm SL. female): B: P. oreas (KU 3259. mm SL, male); C: P. tennes- seensis (UT , mm SL, male); D: P. phoxi- nus (ZFMK 585-586. mm SL. female, lateral view). Scale bar = 1 mm. is interpreted as apomorphic condition. Howes (1985) illustrated P. phoxinus as lacking the projection in both males and females. My observation differs from that of Howes (1985) in that a long projection is present in both genders of P. phoxinus. Scales In cyprinids, generally, scales cover the body, but the head is scaleless. All scales are cy- cloid and round to oval in shape. The margins of the scales are smooth, except for minor serrations in some species. The size of the scale varies from very large ( Cyprinus carpio) to very small ( Phoxinus eiythrogaster). Similar to other cyprinids, the spe- cies of Phoxinus bear cycloid scales on the body, but no scale on the head. The scales in Phoxinus are very small and deeply embedded. They are more deeply embedded and smal- ler at the ventral aspect of the body than that at the body's lateral and dorsal sides. The most distinguishing characteristics of scales in Phoxinus are the basal radii, and the elongate shape of the scales on the caudal peduncle. In Phoxinus. the radii are present almost evenly on the scale. The scale's focus is eccentric and close to the basal margin. No variation in radii, and shape of the scale is observed among Phoxinus species (Fig. IOC). Tuberculation In cyprinids, breeding tubercles generally appear during the spawning season. Wiley & Collette (1970) studied fish breeding tubercles and listed at least 15 families belonging to. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly r
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