. The Canadian field-naturalist. Natural history; Sciences naturelles. 72 The Canadian Field-Naturalist Vol. 121 sectus), and Buffalograss (Buchloe dactyoides) that were moderately to intensively grazed by cattle {Bos tauriis; Kamler et al. 2003a,b; Nicholson 2004; McGee 2005). Methods We captured, handled, and radio-collared Swift Fox using methods described by McGee (2005). We tracked Swift Fox to their diurnal resting sites (dens) using a hand-held antenna 1-2 times per week. We recorded each den location with a Garmin global positioning system receiver (Garmin International Inc., Olathe, K
. The Canadian field-naturalist. Natural history; Sciences naturelles. 72 The Canadian Field-Naturalist Vol. 121 sectus), and Buffalograss (Buchloe dactyoides) that were moderately to intensively grazed by cattle {Bos tauriis; Kamler et al. 2003a,b; Nicholson 2004; McGee 2005). Methods We captured, handled, and radio-collared Swift Fox using methods described by McGee (2005). We tracked Swift Fox to their diurnal resting sites (dens) using a hand-held antenna 1-2 times per week. We recorded each den location with a Garmin global positioning system receiver (Garmin International Inc., Olathe, Kansas, USA). We only used Swift Fox that were monitored ^8 months of the year in data analysis. We calculated annual estimates from September to August of each year for all analyses. This was to allow Swift Foxes an adjustment period after installation of artifi- cial dens and to perform two full years of data analysis. During April 2002, we placed 108 artificial escape dens in three spatially separated areas (Figure 1). We considered Swift Foxes belonging to a treated area if their home ranges overlapped an artificial escape den area by £50%. We considered untreated Swift Foxes as those whose home ranges did not overlap artificial escape den areas (McGee 2005). No Swift Foxes in un- treated groups were ever located within an artificial escape den treated area. Also, we considered foxes to belong to the same family group if they used the same area and dens concurrently (Kitchen et al. 1999; Kam- ler et al. 2003a,b). Escape dens consisted of corrugated plastic sewer pipes m long, cm diameter with cm holes cut in the middle to allow foxes to modify and expand subterranean dens ($ ; Amarillo Plumbing Supply, Inc., Amarillo, Texas, USA). The diameter size of our artificial escape dens was based on previous studies that reported a mean den opening height of cm for Swift Fox dens (Cutter 1958; HiU- man and Sharps 1978; Pruss 1999; Jackson and Choate 2
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