. Railroad construction. Theory and practice . ing elements h and e) is the straight barrel archbetween tAvo parallel vertical head walls, as sketched in , a. From a h3^draulic standpoint the design is poor, as thewater eddies around the corners, causing a great resistancewhich decreases the flow. Fig. 102, h, shows a much better de-. FiG. 102.—Types of Culverts. sign in many respects, but much depends on the details of thedesign as indicated in elements (h) and (d). As a general thinga good hydraulic design requires complicated and expensivemasonry construction, , elements (h) and


. Railroad construction. Theory and practice . ing elements h and e) is the straight barrel archbetween tAvo parallel vertical head walls, as sketched in , a. From a h3^draulic standpoint the design is poor, as thewater eddies around the corners, causing a great resistancewhich decreases the flow. Fig. 102, h, shows a much better de-. FiG. 102.—Types of Culverts. sign in many respects, but much depends on the details of thedesign as indicated in elements (h) and (d). As a general thinga good hydraulic design requires complicated and expensivemasonry construction, , elements (h) and (d) are 102, c, is sometimes inapplicable because the Avater is J L STANDARD ARCH 8 FEET SPA NORFOLK & WES(1891) ^


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