. The Civil engineer and architect's journal, scientific and railway gazette. Architecture; Civil engineering; Science. Fig, 3.—Vertical section—full size. The valve opens a free communication with the external air as soon as the water begins to fall out of the service, and by thus establishing an equilibrium between the fluids around atid within, destroys any ten- dency which the former might have to force an entrance. As soon, however, as the service is again charged with water, the valve closes, and prevents all improper ; ON THE SUPPLY OF WATER FOR FIRES. " On the meanB of
. The Civil engineer and architect's journal, scientific and railway gazette. Architecture; Civil engineering; Science. Fig, 3.—Vertical section—full size. The valve opens a free communication with the external air as soon as the water begins to fall out of the service, and by thus establishing an equilibrium between the fluids around atid within, destroys any ten- dency which the former might have to force an entrance. As soon, however, as the service is again charged with water, the valve closes, and prevents all improper ; ON THE SUPPLY OF WATER FOR FIRES. " On the meanB of rendering large supplies of Water available in cases of Fire, and on the application of manual power lo the working of Fire ; By James Braidwood, Assoc. Inst. {Paper read at the Institution of Civil Engineers.) The plans at present in use, are so few and simple, that it is con- ceived merely necessary to state the quantity of water required, and to describe the most approved modes of supplying it, in cases of or- dinary fires. If water can be obtained at an elevation, pipes with plugs or fire-cocks on them, are preferable to any other mode at present in use. The size of the pipes will depend on the distance and elevation of the head, and also on the size of the buildings to be protected. It may be assumed as a general rule, that the intensity of a fire depends in a great measure on the cubic contents of such buildings; distinc- tion being made as to the nature and contents of such buildings. If no natural elevation of water can be made available, and the premises are of much value, it may be found advisable to erect elevated tanks; where this is done, the quantity of water to be kept ready and the rate at which it is delivered, must depend on the means possessed of making use of the water. The average size of fire engines may be taken at two cylinders of 7 inches diameter, with a length of stroke of 8 inches, making 40 strokes each per minute. This sized
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