. The microscopy of vegetable foods, with special reference to the detection of adulteration and the diagnosis of mixtures . derm (Fig. 150, 5; Fig. 150a) consists of epidennis,palisade cells, and an inner layer corresponding to the pigment layerof the mustards and is no evidence of a subepidermal layer in the ripeseed. 1. The EpidermalCells (ep)average about 50 p. broad, butoften reach 100 fx. They arecharacterized by the presencein each cell of an axial columnof mucilaginous substancewhich, on the addition ofwater, bursts through theouter wall in the form of a long tapering cylin
. The microscopy of vegetable foods, with special reference to the detection of adulteration and the diagnosis of mixtures . derm (Fig. 150, 5; Fig. 150a) consists of epidennis,palisade cells, and an inner layer corresponding to the pigment layerof the mustards and is no evidence of a subepidermal layer in the ripeseed. 1. The EpidermalCells (ep)average about 50 p. broad, butoften reach 100 fx. They arecharacterized by the presencein each cell of an axial columnof mucilaginous substancewhich, on the addition ofwater, bursts through theouter wall in the form of a long tapering cylinder. 2. The Palisade Cells (pal) are brownish and striated. Their averagebreadth is 45 fi, their maximum 90 /i. The double radial walls are15-20 fi thick, but only about 15 /z high. 3. The Inner Layers of the spermoderm, corresponding to the pig-ment cells of allied seeds, consist of compressed cells, which are clearlyevident in cross section only after treatment with chloral hydrate. The Endosperm and Embryo are practically the same as in the mus-tards, except that the aleurone grains of the embryo seldom exceed 5 //.. Fig. 150a. False Flax. Elements of seed in sur-face view. Significance of reference letters asin Fig. 150. X160. (K. B. Winton.) DIAGNOSIS. Seeds and cake of false flax are identified by the long taperingmucilage column which bursts through the outer epidermis on the addi-tion of water, also by the broad, low palisade cells (Fig. 150(1). BIBLIOGRAPHY. See General Bibliography, pp. 671-674: Benecke (2); Bohmer (6, 10, 23); Collinet Perrot (9); Hanausek, T. F. (17, 48); Harz (18). Also see Bibliography of Cruciferae, p. 176: Gram; Kobus; : Die Samen von Camelina saliva. Ztschr. u. Hyg. 1887, 1, Pesch: Leindotter-Kuchen. Landw. 1892, 41, 94. 192 OIL SEEDS. HEDGE nUSTARD. Sisymbrium officinale Scoj)., 5. Sophia L., and other species of thisgenus, known as hedge mustard and by other names, are common weedsin both Eu
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