. Transactions and journal of proceedings . \ •?$/ Fig. 5—Cup and Ring Sculpturings on Rock at Clauchandolly,l^arish of Borgiie, Kirkcudbrightshire. K ,:§;•.._ :^-IB;:. 90/ IXT-Txe Fig. 6—Group of Rock Sculpturings at Cairnhairow, Kirkmabreck,Kirkcudbright, discovered by Mr Dougan and figured by MrColes and Mr Adam Birr ell. Archaic Sculpturings. 133 period of tlie carvings. This elaborate geometricaland apparently astronomical system is not confined to cupand ring markings. The late Neolithic architect, when layingdown, for example, the ground plan of the horned cairns ofCaithness, possessed


. Transactions and journal of proceedings . \ •?$/ Fig. 5—Cup and Ring Sculpturings on Rock at Clauchandolly,l^arish of Borgiie, Kirkcudbrightshire. K ,:§;•.._ :^-IB;:. 90/ IXT-Txe Fig. 6—Group of Rock Sculpturings at Cairnhairow, Kirkmabreck,Kirkcudbright, discovered by Mr Dougan and figured by MrColes and Mr Adam Birr ell. Archaic Sculpturings. 133 period of tlie carvings. This elaborate geometricaland apparently astronomical system is not confined to cupand ring markings. The late Neolithic architect, when layingdown, for example, the ground plan of the horned cairns ofCaithness, possessed these same curious notions. I haveworked out his ground plans carefully, and they show, justlike the rock-cuttings, the arc of a circle represented by theside structures, and the cur\e of an ellipse at each end of themonument. The positions of these curved figures werestudiously pre-arranged. We are apparently now on theverge of obtaining a clear conception of how pre-historicman worked to get his cardinal and solstitial points fixed,and what he understood of the movements of the heavenlybodies, both with regard to their motion, not only roundsmaller foci, but


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Keywords: ., bookcentury1800, bookdecade1860, bookidtransactions, bookyear1863