. Physical and commercial geography; a study of certain controlling conditions of commerce. under certain climaticand other conditions alone (§§ 146-148, 174-175). It may be repeatedthat in general the matter of race character and the distribution of tradeaccording to it seems to reduce itself to this : that the influences whichfavor the development of material and other civilization promote also thegrowth of exchange and of the commercial instinct. Hence the greatestfoci of trade will be the centers of highest material civilization. Whatthese were in earlier and are in later times we have alr
. Physical and commercial geography; a study of certain controlling conditions of commerce. under certain climaticand other conditions alone (§§ 146-148, 174-175). It may be repeatedthat in general the matter of race character and the distribution of tradeaccording to it seems to reduce itself to this : that the influences whichfavor the development of material and other civilization promote also thegrowth of exchange and of the commercial instinct. Hence the greatestfoci of trade will be the centers of highest material civilization. Whatthese were in earlier and are in later times we have already noted(§§ 172-174, 181). It is therefore not at all difficult to see why thebulk of the worlds trade is between Europe and the temperate regionswhich she has colonized, that is, between parts of the temperate volume of trade sinks as other climatic areas are taken to formone set of the terminals, and vanishes almost to nothing when bothparties to exchange are found outside the temperate zones. Figure 22roughly illustrates such proportions of trade movement; this figure. Fig. 22. Trade between Zones (schematic) 2 20 RELATION OF MAN TO NATURAL CONDITIONS might be taken to be a schematic representation of the worlds traderoutes. It also represents in some fashion the prevailingly of the ways of trade. For the present purpose of getting ageneral perspective of commercial development, the determination ofthe influence of race character can hardly attain more precision. Itbegins to be clear, however, why the merchant peoples are locatedwhere they are, and why the center of gravity of the worlds tradehas ever moved northward (as well as westward) as the competitionhas become more severe and protracted. But to return to our cases : the Phoenicians certainly constitute theextreme example of the commercial type. They subordinated to com-mercial gain things which most peoples are not willing to renounce :language, religion, customs, and even nationa
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