. Railway track and track work . theadopted plan. A special feature is the protection of the slopes of cuts, whichare sodded or grown with vines to prevent erosion; they also give a better ap-pearance than the ordinary bare rough earth slope, washed and gullied by will greatly reduce the work of keeping the ditches clear. Berm ditchesare cut at the tops of the slopes on the high sides of cuts. The surface of thetrack ditch is sprinkled with crude oil to keep down dust and weeds. Ordinarilythe sodded slope extends to the toe of the ditch, but in some cases a dry-stoneretaining wall i
. Railway track and track work . theadopted plan. A special feature is the protection of the slopes of cuts, whichare sodded or grown with vines to prevent erosion; they also give a better ap-pearance than the ordinary bare rough earth slope, washed and gullied by will greatly reduce the work of keeping the ditches clear. Berm ditchesare cut at the tops of the slopes on the high sides of cuts. The surface of thetrack ditch is sprinkled with crude oil to keep down dust and weeds. Ordinarilythe sodded slope extends to the toe of the ditch, but in some cases a dry-stoneretaining wall is built, as shown by dotted lines. The roadbed has a transverseslope of I in. in 12 ins. (1 in 48) from the center, and in cuts the ditch is formedby a steeper slope extending to the toe of the cut, where the depth is 3 ft. below r ■ee- k- K- —->k->?^->j<- ge 48i~~—-Vk~ —66- 1 *i | -4I0~ ->1 1 IT I 6Drain forWet Cuts-^ ,.„ --^ *r**-*-«Wfc/ k~ U6& V7,7- >l K— - ja4-^to Edge of Bank. Fig. 4.—Pennsylvania Ry. base of rail. The bottom of the ditch is h\ ft. from edge of roadbed, or 10\ the rail. This provides good surface drainage in ordinary weather, andsufficient waterway for rain storms. Where necessary, as in wet cuts, Frenchdrains or 6-in. cast-iron pipes are laid between the ties, discharging into theditch, as shown. The top of drain is level with top of roadbed. An apron ofbroken stone is laid at the mouth of the drain to prevent washing of the surfaceof the ditch. In soft places, a bed of cinders is used under the ballast until theroadbed has settled. The tracks are spaced 13 ft. c. to c. The ballast cross-section is the same forboth stone and gravel. The minimum thickness is 6 ins. below bottom of tieat the middle of the roadbed (8 ins. for single track), and the surface is levelwith the tops of the ties for the full width. At the sides it is sloped off directlyfrom the ends of the ties. Under the outer ends of the 7-in. ties, the b
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