. Canadian forest industries 1911. Lumbering; Forests and forestry; Forest products; Wood-pulp industry; Wood-using industries. THE WOODWORKER Kinks In Woodwoorking Costs By E. W. Huid An accurate system of cost keeping in a furniture factory, as in any plant, must be adjusted to a variety of conditions. The system must conform to the bookkeeping methods and be in itself inexpen- sive to maintain. The factory cost of any piece of work is made up of the material, the productive labor spent on the part, and a percentage share of fac- tory and overhead charges. Before taking up in detail some of
. Canadian forest industries 1911. Lumbering; Forests and forestry; Forest products; Wood-pulp industry; Wood-using industries. THE WOODWORKER Kinks In Woodwoorking Costs By E. W. Huid An accurate system of cost keeping in a furniture factory, as in any plant, must be adjusted to a variety of conditions. The system must conform to the bookkeeping methods and be in itself inexpen- sive to maintain. The factory cost of any piece of work is made up of the material, the productive labor spent on the part, and a percentage share of fac- tory and overhead charges. Before taking up in detail some of the methods of overcoming difficulties in getting these various items of cost accurately, an analy- sis of the general method will serve as a basis upon which to build the details. The material used in making any piece of furniture is divid- GRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF FACTORY COSTS AND BOOK CHARGES. Graphic Analysis of Factory Costs and Book Charges ed under two general heads: lumber, the cost of which is figured from the cutter's bill of material with a percentage added for waste; and all other materials, veneers, hardware, glass mirrors, and so on, which are purchased and the cost of which is taken directly from the invoice. Labor, the second item of cost, is divided under two heads, as chart I. shows, productive and none-productive. Time cards are used to get the exact time used by each man on every operation; the sum- mary of the time cards gives the productive labor cost. Non-produc- tive labor is taken from the pay roll records and is apportioned as a separate, individual percentage or as a portion of factory expense. The latter treatment is more usual as is shown in the chart ; but as our cost summary (form I.) indicate, we have found it advisable to ap- portion the non-productive labor percentage individually on the cost of each job. This non-producing labor cost is applied as a percentage of the productive labor cost. The ratio is the average of the ratio of non-productive to
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