. Hazard-rating systems in forest insect pest management : symposium proceedings, Athens, Georgia, July 31-August 1, 1980. Forest insects Biological control United States Congresses; Forest insects United States Analysis; Forest insects United States Management. loss in these stands was reduced by 85 percent over the next 6 years. Loss reduc- tion was based on a projection of the loss experienced on the created area for sever- al years before logging. An unexpected and important benefit of sanitation/ sal- vage cutting materialized in 1944, when a rapid increase in WPB activity developed in th
. Hazard-rating systems in forest insect pest management : symposium proceedings, Athens, Georgia, July 31-August 1, 1980. Forest insects Biological control United States Congresses; Forest insects United States Analysis; Forest insects United States Management. loss in these stands was reduced by 85 percent over the next 6 years. Loss reduc- tion was based on a projection of the loss experienced on the created area for sever- al years before logging. An unexpected and important benefit of sanitation/ sal- vage cutting materialized in 1944, when a rapid increase in WPB activity developed in the general geographic area. Losses in uncut stands were heavy and direct con- trol operations were taken. Losses re- mained very low in the areas logged by sanitation/ salvage, however, and no di- rect control was 12 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 16 20 22 Number of years after cutting Cumulative insect-caused mortality in pine savtimber reserve on cut and uncut conroartments. Figure insect-caused mor- tality in pine sawtimber reserve on cut and uncut compartments. (From Wickman and Eaton 1962.) Bongberg (1942) also applied sanita- tion/salvage to eastside Jeffrey pine and obtained results essentially the same as those obtained in ponderosa pine stands. This similarity showed the general suita- bility of the California System to stands of predominantly Jeffrey pine attacked by JPB. These reports by Bongberg, Eaton, and Wickman and Eaton demonstrated conclu- sively the immediate, large, and lasting beneficial effects of applying cuttings to eastside ponderosa and Jeffrey pine based upon a risk-rating system. The next step was to determine the scope of its applicability as well as to establish it as a forest management tool. Early Application After the favorable results with sani- tation/salvage on part of its holdings, the McCloud River Lumber Company adopted this method of management on the balance of its ponderosa pine stands. In 1940, the Forest Service test
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