. A treatise on nervous and mental diseases, for students and practitioners of medicine. n or so-called centres in the cortexwas affi)i-dcd l)y the world-famous experiments of Fritsch and Hitzigin 1870, demonstrating tlie existence of tlie motor centres. In thetwenty-two years \\liich liave since elapsed, not only has abundantconfirmation l)cen affoided of the statements of these two Germanobservers, but other centres have Ijcen found in the convolutions. 24 INTRODUCTORY, This has been done by the several methods of experiments on ani-mals, such as rabbits, cats, dogs, monkeys, and apes, elect
. A treatise on nervous and mental diseases, for students and practitioners of medicine. n or so-called centres in the cortexwas affi)i-dcd l)y the world-famous experiments of Fritsch and Hitzigin 1870, demonstrating tlie existence of tlie motor centres. In thetwenty-two years \\liich liave since elapsed, not only has abundantconfirmation l)cen affoided of the statements of these two Germanobservers, but other centres have Ijcen found in the convolutions. 24 INTRODUCTORY, This has been done by the several methods of experiments on ani-mals, such as rabbits, cats, dogs, monkeys, and apes, electrical irrita-tion of certain centres, or excision of them, or clinical observationsof localized disease of the cortex in human beings. It is idle todiscuss the question as to whether the physiologists or the clinicalpathologists have done the most service in this task of discovery inthe most complex tissue of the body. It is sufficient to say thatboth have done invaluable work, and to weigh out the relative creditwould need the scales of a very much more dogmatic judge than I Fto. Centres of the cortex of the human brain, according to Centre for the movements of leg and foot in locomotion. 2, 3, 4. Centres for variouscomplex movements of arms and legs, as in climbing, swimming, etc. 5. Extensionforward of arm and hand. 6. Supination of hand and flexion of forearm. 7, 8. Ele-vators and depressors of the angle of the mouth, respectively. 9, 10. Movements oflips and tongue as in articulation. 11. Centre of platysma retraction of the mouth. movements of the head and eyes, with elevation of the eyelids and dilatationof the pupils, a, h, c, d. Centres of movement of fingers and wrist. should like to be. I^et us now see what we kuoAv about these corti-cal ceutres. The ascending frontal and the ascending parietal con-volutions, the rear ends of the frontal convolutions immediately infront of the ascending frontal (Fig. 1), and that inturned surface ofthe ascen
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