. Electric railways; a treatise on the modern development of electric traction, including practical instruction in the latest approved methods of electric equipment and operation . very expensive tobuild because of the fact that avery deep excavation must bemade in the .street to accommo-date the conduit. The trackrails, slot rails, and .sheet-steelconduit lining are held in align-ment by cast-iron yokes placed 5feet apart. The entire spacearound and underneath theseyokes is filled with concrete inorder to give rigidity and a per-uuinent track. Three expensiveItems, therefore, cuter into the c
. Electric railways; a treatise on the modern development of electric traction, including practical instruction in the latest approved methods of electric equipment and operation . very expensive tobuild because of the fact that avery deep excavation must bemade in the .street to accommo-date the conduit. The trackrails, slot rails, and .sheet-steelconduit lining are held in align-ment by cast-iron yokes placed 5feet apart. The entire spacearound and underneath theseyokes is filled with concrete inorder to give rigidity and a per-uuinent track. Three expensiveItems, therefore, cuter into the construction of a conduit road—namely, the deep excavation, which may call for the changing ofother imderground ])ipes or conduits in the street; the large amountof iron and .steel needed for the .yokes and slot rails; and the largeamoinit of concrete needed. On American conduit roads the slot and conduit are placedunder the middle of the track. Some of these roads are cable-conduit roads in which the old cable conduithas been for electrical conductors. In the conduit road atBuda-Pest, Hungary, the slot is placed alongside one of the track Kill. T:i. HaiuUiolo, ELECTRIC RAILWAYS 83 Current Leakage. The leakage on an underground conduitroad is considerable, because the insulators are necessarily locatedin a dani]), -dirty ])lace, which causes leakage over the surface ofthe insulators. This leakage, however, is not prohibitive so longas the conductor rails are not under water. If on account of poordrainage the conductor rails become submerged, the leakage becomesso great that it is im-possible to operatethe road. It will l)e noticedthat the conduit sys-tem as illustratedhere employs twoconductor rails—onefor the positive sideof the circuit and theother for the track rails, there-fore, are not used asconductors, and onesitle of the circuit isnot grounded as inthe ordinary trolleysystem, although theleakage to groundmay be consider
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