. Insect pests of farm, garden and orchard . - a small, circular scale, varying from grayish to Ijlackishin color, formed of concentric circles, the centre of which is cjuiteconvex and forms a nipple, which is yellowish and shiningwhen the surface is rubbed off. If this scale l^e raised with apin, beneath it may be seen a small, soft, oval, orange-colored,object, which is the true female insect. She is an almost shape-less mass of protoplasm, lacking head, legs, and eyes, onlythe thread-like mouth parts and anal plate being distinct. The * Aspidiotus perniciosus Comstock. Family Coccidos. Sec
. Insect pests of farm, garden and orchard . - a small, circular scale, varying from grayish to Ijlackishin color, formed of concentric circles, the centre of which is cjuiteconvex and forms a nipple, which is yellowish and shiningwhen the surface is rubbed off. If this scale l^e raised with apin, beneath it may be seen a small, soft, oval, orange-colored,object, which is the true female insect. She is an almost shape-less mass of protoplasm, lacking head, legs, and eyes, onlythe thread-like mouth parts and anal plate being distinct. The * Aspidiotus perniciosus Comstock. Family Coccidos. Sec C. L. Marlatt, Bulletin 62, Bureau of Entomology, U. S. Dept. Agr., and the numer-ous publications of many of the experiment stations, listed in hisbibliography. 538 SOME INSECTS INJURIOUS TO ORCHARD FRUITS 539 scale itself is merely a waxy covering secreted by the insectbeneath. The scale of the male is smaller and somewhat elongated,the nipple being at the larger end. Injury by this species was first noticed near San Jose, Gal.,. Fig. 390.—Peach twigs infested with the San Jose scale. On the twig atthe right a scale has been turned back showing the female insect—enlarged. (After W. E. Britton.) about 1S80, where the scale was most destructive and was investi-gated by Professor J. H. Comstock, who first described it. About1887 it was brought east on Japanese plum trees secured byEastern nurseries and was distributed loy them on 3oung trees, 540 INSECT PESTS OF FARM, GARDEN AND ORCHARD so that in 1893 it was discovered in orchards in Maryland andVirginia. Since then it has been spread on nursery trees topractically every State. Investigations made by C. L. Marlattin 1901 showed that the insect is undoubtedly a native of east-central China, and was probably brought to this country on flower-ing peach or some ornamental plant. Life History. The winter is passed as partly grown insectsunder the scales, which begin to feed with the bursting of thebuds in spring. In the latter p
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