. The American railway; its construction, development, management, and appliances . Men were swung over the side of the cliff in a cage about2\ feet by 6 feet, open at the top and on the side next the was a peculiar cliff about 1,000 feet high, rising from the riverat a general slope of about 70 degrees. The grade line of the roadwas 420 feet above the river. The Chileno miners climbed up arope ladder to a large seam near the grade, where they lived ; pro-visions, water, etc., being hoisted up to them. The first men sentover the cliff to begin the preliminary work were lowered in a c
. The American railway; its construction, development, management, and appliances . Men were swung over the side of the cliff in a cage about2\ feet by 6 feet, open at the top and on the side next the was a peculiar cliff about 1,000 feet high, rising from the riverat a general slope of about 70 degrees. The grade line of the roadwas 420 feet above the river. The Chileno miners climbed up arope ladder to a large seam near the grade, where they lived ; pro-visions, water, etc., being hoisted up to them. The first men sentover the cliff to begin the preliminary work were lowered in a cageand took their dinners with them, for fear they would not return tothe work, and that unless a genuine start was made others couldnot be induced to take their places. It is safe to say that 80 percent, of the sixty odd tunnels on the Oroya and the seven the Chimbote lines were located and constructed on linesdetermined by triangulation, and the results were so satisfactorythat the method may be depended upon as the best system for 54 FEATS OF RAILWAY determining- topo-graphical data orfor locating andconstructing thelines in any simi-lar locality. Where therocks close in to-orether, as in someof the canons ofour Southwest,the railway curvesabout them andfinds its way oftenwhere one wouldhardly suppose adecent wagonroad could bebuilt. The por-tals of the GrandRiver Canon, ashere shown, pre-sent such a line,passing throughnarrow gateways of rock rising precipitously on either side toenormous heights. Denver and Rio Grande Ra GREAT BRIDGES OVER CANONS AND VALLEYS. 55 When such a canon or a narrow valley directly crosses the lineof the road, it must be spanned by a bridge or viaduct. The Ken-tucky River Bridge, shown below, is an instance. The VerrugasBridge, on the Lima and Oroya Railroad in Peru, is another. Thisbridge is at an elevation of 5,836 feet above sea-level. It crosses a
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