The shoe industry . d screw method, bypegging, or by nailing the outsole and insole to-gether, thus fastening the bottom of the shoe to theupper. By the first method a wire with screwthread upon it is driven through the bottom andautomatically cut off by the machine, piece afterpiece, rapidly around the bottom. This is practi-cally a wire sewing in place of McKay pegged shoe is made in about the same manner,a machine inserting wooden pegs instead of thesections of wire. The use of pegs was once verygeneral, but is now gradually giving way to othermethods. Nails when used are gene
The shoe industry . d screw method, bypegging, or by nailing the outsole and insole to-gether, thus fastening the bottom of the shoe to theupper. By the first method a wire with screwthread upon it is driven through the bottom andautomatically cut off by the machine, piece afterpiece, rapidly around the bottom. This is practi-cally a wire sewing in place of McKay pegged shoe is made in about the same manner,a machine inserting wooden pegs instead of thesections of wire. The use of pegs was once verygeneral, but is now gradually giving way to othermethods. Nails when used are generally clinchedon the inside. These three methods give strongand firm but inflexible and heavy bottoms to foot-wear. The other processes connected with these specialkinds of footwear are similar to the general processesof welt and McKay manufacture. Finishing doesnot, however, call for so high a degree of per-fection. Aside from the operators of the special machinesused for inserting the wire screws, pegs, and nails,. Operating the Heeling Machine 227 The Making Department 229 the positions in general are the same as in the weltand McKay departments. Work in the Making Department. In the earlydays of American shoe factories the bottoming ofshoes was quite generally let out to men on con-tract, as has been indicated earlier in this contract work was performed by gangs of menwho went from factory to factory. And we find thegang* system in use to a degree in factories at thepresent time. It is easier, for instance, for severalmen to work together upon a process or group ofprocesses involving operations that must be donetogether in a very brief space of time, working atone bench or upon a complicated machine. This department involves the heaviest and mostexacting processes of shoe manufacture, and themajor processes are regularly performed by men,who in the main must be strong and active. Boys,girls, and women assist in the minor processes andin the handling of materials
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