. The depths of the ocean : a general account of the modern science of oceanography based largely on the scientific researches of the Norwegian steamer Michael Sars in the North Atlantic. "Michael Sars" North Atlantic Deep-sea Expedition (1910); Oceanography; North Atlantic Ocean. INVERTEBRATE BOTTOM FAUNA 461 position of the fauna of the different " facies " depends to a great extent on the structure of the animal-forms, inasmuch as some forms must have a vegetable or hard solid foundation, while others require loose material. Littoral gasteropods, as a rule, require a sol
. The depths of the ocean : a general account of the modern science of oceanography based largely on the scientific researches of the Norwegian steamer Michael Sars in the North Atlantic. "Michael Sars" North Atlantic Deep-sea Expedition (1910); Oceanography; North Atlantic Ocean. INVERTEBRATE BOTTOM FAUNA 461 position of the fauna of the different " facies " depends to a great extent on the structure of the animal-forms, inasmuch as some forms must have a vegetable or hard solid foundation, while others require loose material. Littoral gasteropods, as a rule, require a solid foundation, and they are therefore generally absent from the sandy bottom ; but there are certain burrowing forms which can only live where the bottom is incoherent. Other forms, again, like the crab, are able to live on nearly every kind of Fig. 315. Balaiius ba/anoidcs, L. Below the low-tide area, with its fucus vegetation, we find on hard bottom a Laminaria belt beginning immediately below the fucoid belt, and always covered by water.^ We find also a Zostera belt, hard bottom, and sandy bottom. On the bare or scantily overgrown rocks near high-water Low-tide mark we find a white belt of barnacles {^Balamis balanoides, see ^'^'^^• Fig. 315); when examined at high tide we notice these little creatures extending and contracting their lash-like limbs to set ^ Only at very low ebb-tides and in certain places do we find certain species of Lamiuaria also laid Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Murray, John, Sir, 1841-1914; Hjort, Johan, 1869-; Appellöf, Jakob Johan Adolf, 1857-; Gran, H. H. (Haakon Hasberg), 1870?-; Helland-Hansen, Bjørn, 1877-. London : Macmillan
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookdecade1910, bookpublisherlondo, bookyear1912
