. Radio for everybody; being a popular guide to practical radio-phone reception and transmission and to the dot-and-dash reception and transmission of the radio telegraph, for the layman who wants to apply radio for his pleasure and profit without going into the special theories and the intricacies of the art . possible lightning charge. All radio supplyhouses handle the various types of vacuum-gap lightningprotector. Using the Loop in Place of Antenna and Ground Interesting results may be obtained by using a loop inplace of the usual antenna and ground, although it is wellto remember that the


. Radio for everybody; being a popular guide to practical radio-phone reception and transmission and to the dot-and-dash reception and transmission of the radio telegraph, for the layman who wants to apply radio for his pleasure and profit without going into the special theories and the intricacies of the art . possible lightning charge. All radio supplyhouses handle the various types of vacuum-gap lightningprotector. Using the Loop in Place of Antenna and Ground Interesting results may be obtained by using a loop inplace of the usual antenna and ground, although it is wellto remember that the loop is by no means as effective asan outdoor antenna. A loop consists of a suitable woodenframe on which are wound a number of turns of bare orinsulated wire. The frame should be suspended or mountedin such a manner as to permit of being swung in all direc-tions. The loop receives best when it is pointing edge ontowards the transmitter, and it is this characteristic of the RADIO FOR EVERYBODY 107 loop which makes it interesting. It indicates the directionof the transmitter being intercepted, and this forms thebasis of the radio compass which has found such wideuse in modern navigation. Loops are of two general types: there is the spiral loop,which is of the flat type, inasmuch as all turns are in the. A solenoidal type loop of simple construction,which can be used in place of the usual antenna. same vertical plane and each turn encloses an area smallerthan the preceding turn; and there is the solenoid loop, inwhich the coils are all of the same dimensions, spreadingout horizontally so as to form a square helix. A looponly three feet in diameter is sufficiently large to pick up 108 RADIO FOR EVERYBODY radio-phone broadcasting stations a few miles distant, andlarger loops may be employed at greater distances. Trans-atlantic reception is effected by means of loops, whichhave the advantage of reducing atmospheric disturbancesand other interference to a minimum. However, loops


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