. The Canadian field-naturalist. 2004 Erickson: Bird Communities of Garry Oak Habitat 379 Table 4. Garry Oak bird species in 1994 with the highest scores against DCA axes, with median species designated*. Species Score Axis 1: Song Sparrow Northwestern Crow* European Starling* Rufous Hummingbird Axis 2: Common Flicker White-crowned Sparrow Song Sparrow* Chipping Sparrow Rufous Hummingbird Axis 3: European starling Violet-green Swallow Olive-sided Flycatcher* House Wren* White-crowned Sparrow Spotted Towhee 583 460 420 406 426 401 294 283 275 506 396 378 358 327 326 Note: The former common name
. The Canadian field-naturalist. 2004 Erickson: Bird Communities of Garry Oak Habitat 379 Table 4. Garry Oak bird species in 1994 with the highest scores against DCA axes, with median species designated*. Species Score Axis 1: Song Sparrow Northwestern Crow* European Starling* Rufous Hummingbird Axis 2: Common Flicker White-crowned Sparrow Song Sparrow* Chipping Sparrow Rufous Hummingbird Axis 3: European starling Violet-green Swallow Olive-sided Flycatcher* House Wren* White-crowned Sparrow Spotted Towhee 583 460 420 406 426 401 294 283 275 506 396 378 358 327 326 Note: The former common names (Common Flicker, Rufous- sided Towhee, Common Starling, and Solitary Vireo) were used in the data and Figures for Northern Flicker, Spotted Towhee, European Starling and Cassin's Vireo. The overall frequency (Erickson 2000b) of these characteristic species gives an indication of the abun- dance of the communities. Community 1 was most fre- quent, with the #3-rank Spotted Towhee; the #4 Chest- nut-backed Chickadee; #6 American Goldfinch; #14 Bewick's Wren and #16-rank Rufous Hummingbird. Community 2 had the #5-rank White-crowned Sparrow; #10 House Wren; #12 Pine Siskin; #13 Olive-sided Flycatcher; and the #l9-rank Purple Finch. Commu- nity 3 had the #6-rank, American Goldfinch; #7 Pacific-coast Flycatcher; #11 Chipping Sparrow; #12 Pine Siskin; #18 Yellow-rumped Warbler; #21 Cassin's Vireo; and #24-rank Western Tanager. Com- munity 4 had the #15 rank Northwestern Crow and the #26 rank European Starling. Discussion Sampling and analysis Communities are differentiated here by their visual distinctness in the multivariate space defined by bird frequency and composition, and by differences defined using thresholds in quantitative index of similarity com- parisons. Both measures use quantity along with com- position, which ensures that the communities arising from the data are actually different from each other. Although eigenvalues can measure the overall strength of a multivariat
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